Effet de différentes modalités de stress hydrique sur la production et la teneur en éléments minéraux du gombo [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

Dans le but de tester diverses modalités de gestion de l’eau dans la production du gombo [<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench], des plants ont été soumis après 20 jours de culture irriguée à des périodes de stress hydrique de durée variable (10, 25 jours et 5 cycles de stress de 3 jours et de réhydratation de 3 jours). La production de la biomasse des tiges et des feuilles, le rendement en fruits ainsi que la teneur en éléments minéraux (N P K) des plants ont été déterminés. Les résultats obtenus indiquent qu’un stress de courte durée stimule la production de la biomasse des parties aériennes après réhydratation et n’affecte pas le rendement en fruits. Un stress prolongé réduit la biomasse des parties aériennes mais accélère la floraison, tandis que le rendement en fruits reste particulièrement bas après réhydratation. Les plantes périodiquement stressées ont une biomasse élevée mais leur rendement en fruits est faible. La teneur des fruits en azote est élevée chez toutes les plantes soumises au stress hydrique.Mots clés : Gombo, déficit hydrique, réhydratation, biomasse, rendement

A STUDY ON THE SHORELINE CHANGES AND LAND USE/LAND COVER ALONG THE KETA COASTAL ZONE

The Keta Municipality has undergone a rapid increase in population due to economic and commercial activities. This led to the municipal’s coastal and shoreline zone being faced with severe environmental challenges throughout the years. The goal of the study was to evaluate Keta’s shoreline changes and the coastal Land Use Land Cover (LULC) using multi-temporal remote sensing datasets. These datasets were subjected to the following image processing techniques such as image enhancement, image classification and, shoreline extraction. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), a plugin tool in ArcGIS was utilized to assess the rate of shoreline changes (i.e., erosion or accretion) from 2000 to 2020. These were achieved based on the following statistical methods used; Linear Regression Rate (LRR), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), and End Point Rate (EPR). The LULC analysis indicated that built-up areas and water bodies have increased rapidly from 14.71–18.43%, and 47.68–50.46% respectively from 2000 to 2021. In terms of the shoreline changes, LRR showed a mean of −0.95m/year with 68.22% faced with erosion and accretion of 31.78%. The EPR and NSM revealed a mean shoreline change of −1.19m/year and −26.3/period respectively from 2000 to 2021. The EPR and NSM results both revealed that 69.24% experienced erosion and 30.76% accretion, indicating the prevalence of erosion at the shoreline. This research is to contribute to both the development of Keta’s shoreline protection and management measures as well as sustainable land use planning. Also, aids in achieving most of the Sustainable Development Goals in the municipal

Expérimentation des cotonniers sans gossypol au Togo

(Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé: 2001 5(1): 187-192

Terrestrial water storage and climate variability study of the Volta River Basin, West Africa

The Volta Basin in West Africa plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods of millions of people, and effective management of its water resources is essential for climate change adaptation. This study utilized remote sensing technology, specifically the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), to assess terrestrial water storage (TWS) and its response to climate variability within the Volta Basin. The methodology involved integrating GRACE data with ground-based measurements, climate models, and other satellite observations to enhance the accuracy of TWS assessment. Despite numerous studies conducted within the basin, this research employed additional statistical techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It also utilized Climate Hazard Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) to determine variations in TWS and climate variability observed within the Volta Basin. The results provide valuable insights into TWS dynamics, highlighting the complex interplay between precipitation patterns, groundwater storage, and surface water availability. Also, it was revealed that rainfall signals were strongest in the northernmost part of the basin, reaching a maximum value of 10 mm, while the lowest value of 5.5 mm was recorded in the southern part of the basin. Similarly, TWS signals were highest in the northern and lowest in the southern part of the basin, exhibiting values related to that of rainfall. Additionally, the highest TWS value of 250 mm was identified between 2010 and 2012. The increase in TWS during this period correlates with the occurrence of La Niña that happened between 2010 and 2012. This study offers essential information for water resource management, drought monitoring, flood forecasting, and climate change adaptation strategies not only within the Volta Basin but also in other basins across the globe

Deficit cognitif et hyperhomocysteinemie chez des victimes d’ischemie cerebrale

L’hyperhomocysteinemie serait impliquée dans la survenue du déficit cognitif. Elle serait réduite par les vitamines B Objectif: Évaluer les fonctions cognitives en réduisant l’ hyperhomocysteinemie. Méthode: L'étude a été réalisée sur 50 malades. Le diagnostic de l'origine vasculaire du déficit cognitif a été fait par le scanner cérébral et le test de Haschinski. Le Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) de Folstein a servi de test d’évaluation du déficit cognitif. La méthode enzymatique a été utilisée pour doser l’ homocystéinémie. Résultats: L’homocystéinémie moyenne était de 33,3 μmol/l (ET: 29,2); le score moyen de MMSE était de 15/30 (DS: 7). Six (12%) patients avaient un déficit cognitif sévère, 14 (28%), un déficit modéré et 30 (60%), un déficit léger. A 6 mois, l’homocystéinémie moyenne était de 11,40 μmol/l (DS: 2,70). Aux troisième et sixième mois il y avait une amélioration significative du déficit cognitif (respectivement, p = 0,004; p = 0,001). Quatorze (31,1%) patients n'avaient plus de déficit cognitif au sixième mois. Conclusion: Les vitamines B6B9 et B12 réduisent l'hyperhomocystéinémie. Elles pourraient contribuer à améliorer le déficit cognitif modéré.Mots clés: Hyperhomocystéinémie, déficit cognitif.ABSTRACTThe hyperhomocysteinemia would be implied in the cognitive deficit development. It would be reduced by the vitamins B. Objective: To evaluate the cognitive functions while reducing hyperhomocysteinemia by the B vitamins. Method: The survey was achieved on 50 patients. The diagnosis of the vascular origin of the cognitive deficit was made by the brain scanning and the Haschinski test. The Mini Mental Statement Examination (MMSE) of Folstein test was used to evaluate the cognitive deficit. The enzymatic method was used to measure out homocysteinemia. Results: Homocysteinemia mean value was of 33.3 μmol/l (SD: 29.2); the MMSE mean score was of 15/30 (DS: 7). Six (12%) patients had a severe cognitive deficit, 14 (28%), a moderate and 30 (60%), a light deficit. In six months, homocvsteinemia mean value was of 11.40 μmol/ls (SD: 2.70). At the third and sixth months there was a significant improvement of the cognitive deficit (respectively, p = 0.004; p = 0.001). Fourteen (31.1%) patient didn't have a cognitive deficit at the sixth month. Conclusion: The B6, B9 and B12 vitamins reduce hyperhomocysteinemia. B6, B9 and B12 vitamins may contribute to improve moderate cognitive deficit.Key words: Hyperhomocysteinemia, cognitive deficit

Urbanization and urban forest loss: a spatial analysis of five metropolitan districts in Ghana

ABSTRACTThere have been many concerns raised on the impacts of increasing urbanization on sensitive urban ecosystems such as soils, water bodies and forests. The lack of governmental programs and policies further hinders the protection and conservation of these ecosystems especially in developing countries such as Ghana. This research seeks to understand how rapid urbanization has changed urban forest cover within five metropolitan districts, Accra, Cape Coast, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Tamale over the years. In pursuit of this objective, Landsat 7ETM+ and 8OLI images were acquired and analyzed for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 using Geographic Information Science (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques. Results showed substantial loss of urban forests in these districts over the 30 year period and increased in built and cultivated land areas. Data also showed increasing population in these districts over the study period. The study concludes with a recommendation for growth management in the country and the urgent need for policy reforms that integrate urban forests and ecosystems protection into mainstream planning and development in the country

Safety of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Major Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study

Background Significant safety concerns remain surrounding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) following gastrointestinal surgery, leading to wide variation in their use. This study aimed to determine the safety profile of NSAIDs after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency abdominal surgery with a minimum one-night stay during a 3-month study period were eligible for inclusion. The administration of any NSAID within 3 days following surgery was the main independent variable. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day postoperative major complication rate, as defined by the Clavien–Dindo classification (Clavien–Dindo III–V). Propensity matching with multivariable logistic regression was used to produce odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals. Results From 9264 patients, 23.9 % (n = 2212) received postoperative NSAIDs. The overall major complication rate was 11.5 % (n = 1067). Following propensity matching and adjustment, use of NSAIDs were not significantly associated with any increase in major complications (OR 0.90, 0.60–1.34, p = 0.560). Conclusions Early use of postoperative NSAIDs was not associated with an increase in major complications following gastrointestinal surgery

Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study

Background Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. Methods This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. Results Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51–19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43–3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8–51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. Conclusions After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies