Retrospective Study On Management Of Gestational Trophoplastic Disease In Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Background: The Aim Of This Study Is To Determine The Modalities Of Treatment Of GTD In Baghdad Teaching Hospital And To Assess The Efficacy Of Our Management Protocols. Patients &Methods: Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology- Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Retrospective Analysis Of Case Records Between January 1999 To December2000. 41 Patients' Data Were Reviewed For Age, Gravidity, Parity, Blood Group, Antecedent Pregnancy And Clinical Presentation At The Time Of Diagnosis. Monitoring Of Hcg Level Before And After Chemotherapy, Other Investigations Were Reviewed, Looking For Number, Size And Site Of Metastasis. The Patient Were Classified According To WHO Scoring System. We Evaluate The Lines )f Management, Chemotherapeutic Protocols And The Number Of Chemotherapy Courses For 'atient's Remission.  Results; The Most Common Presenting Symptom Was Vaginal Bleeding 70.7%. Dilatation And iuction Curettage Was The First Line Of Treatment, Although 4 Patients (9.8%) Ended With hysterectomy For Persistent Bleeding. Based On WHO Scoring System, Initial Assessment Shows That 78.04 % In The Low Risk Group, And 19.5 %In The Medium Risk Group And One Patient In The High Risk Group. Complete Remission Was Achieved With Administration Of 2- 7 Courses Of Single Agent Chemotherapy In 84.3 % In The Low Risk Group, While 5 Patient (15.6%) Show Resistance To Single Agent Protocol And Shifted To Combined Chemotherapy. Nine Patients In The Medium And High Risk Groups Started With Combined Chemotherapy. The Cure Rate In The Low And Medium Risk Groups Were 100%. Conclusion; Chemotherapy Is The Main Line Of Management For Persistent GTD In Baghdad Teaching Hospital, And For The Low Risk Group We Found That Parantral MTX And Folinic Acid Had A Very Good Remission Rate And Patients Whom Developed Resistance , And Those In The Medium Risk Group Can Achieve Excellent Remission Rate With Multiple Agents Chemotherapy

From Arabic Alphabets to Two Dimension Shapes in Kufic Calligraphy Style Using Grid Board Catalog

The Kufic font takes its name from the location in which the font was created around the end of the seventh century, Kufa, Iraq.  Kufic was the principal script used to replicate the Qur'ans until approximately the eleventh century. Depending upon where a character is located in a word, the character may be represented differently.  Given this location-specific representation, the Arabic characters uses in script are expanded to 116 shapes.  A character can have an isolated shape, a joined shape, a left joined shape and a right joined shape. The goal of this study is to convert Arabic script to a two-dimensional shape in Kufic calligraphy style that has regular geometric components (lines, circles, curves, arcs, etc.) by using a grid board catalog. The converting process represents a method of learning electronically as well as production for all Arabic alphabets in aesthetic shapes. The proposed grid board produces all possible shapes of any letter in Arabic alphabets.  Some alphabets are shared by sub shapes and are overlapped in the grid board in order to visualize them as groups of similar characters. The position of a letter in the grid board, the letter dimension itself (width and height) and the position of letters in Arabic words were required to convert the characters. The results showed that the proposed grid is a powerful and influential tool that can be used to learn the Kufic font style with a simple, easy and effective method when contrasted to the classical method

Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent : a review

Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used

Viscoelastic-plastic Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Three Different Batches of 51CrV54 Steel

Steel Producers, when producing steel with special mechanical properties, always refer to DIN or ISO standards. But these standards only specify the alloying constituents in intervals and only compel producers to guarantee minimal values of mechanical properties e.g. the yield stress. This leads to different mechanical behaviour in different batches of steel which is nominally the same. This paper deals with the investigation of the mechanical behaviour of three different batches of 51CrV14 and the consequences for their viscoelastic-plastic modelling

Some New Aspects of the Invariants of the Rate of Deformation Tensor and their Application in Viscoelastic Polymer Melts

Non-Newtonian fluids, such as polymer melts, are modeled with viscoelastic models. In this work the use of the anisotropic mobility tensor of Giesekus and Phan Thien and Tanner in order to generalize the Maxwell model is discussed. Similarities in one-dimensional flows are needes to reproduce real fluid behavior under shear and elongation deformations. But the fact of different anisotropic mobility tensors in the models show that there are also differences in two and three-dimensional viscoelastic flows. Therefore, we introduce a flow type parameter, using the invariants of the rate of deformation tensor. Here, the flow type is fully independent of the material model and therefore universally deployable. The numerical framework is done with Open FOAM a Finite Volume based library. The stabilization of the simulations is carried out applying the Viscous Formulation and the Discrete Elastic Viscous Stress Splitting methods. A 4:1 contraction benchmark is done over a wide range of the Deborah number in order to show the stability of the methods used. Furthermore, the flow type parameter is applied on a Cross-Slot geometry. Here, the influence of the elasticity in the Euler velocity field and the rate of deformation tensor are shown to be dependent on the model used

Effect of Subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotic on Bacterial Adherence to Orthopedic Prosthetic Device

The effect of subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotics on the Adherence of S.aureus (Coagulase Positive Staphylococci), and S.epidermidis (Coagulase negative Staphylococci) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Citobacter freundi (Gram negative bacteria) was done and the results revealed that Rifampicin was the best antibiotic inhibiting Staphylococci adherence and Vancomycin has less effect on the adherence of Staphylococci, whereas Tetracyclin was the best antibiotic inhbiting Gram negative bacteria adherence and Amikacin has the lest less effect on inhibiting bacterial adherence

Optimization of Acetaminophen and Methylparaben Removal within Subsurface Batch Constructed Wetland Systems

The response surface methodology accompanied by Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed in this study to optimize the Alternanthera spp-based phytoremediation process for the individual removal of acetaminophen and methylparaben. Two operational variables, including concentration (A) (20, 60,100 mg/L) and sampling time (B) (7, 14, 21, and 35 days) were involved in the study for removal efficiency (Y) as response. CCD had required a total of 18 experiments for each compound. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to verify the adequacy of the proposed mathematical models and revealed good agreement with the experimental data. The observed R2 values (0.9732 and 0.9870), adjusted R2 (0.9620 and 0.9816) and predicted R2 (0.9383 and 0.9721) for AC and MP, respectively, indicated that the developed models were significant at the 95% probability level. Concentration factor was found to be insignificant in the mathematical models; in contrast, sampling time was found to be of a crucial role. The removal of AC and MP were 89.23% and 64.48% under optimum conditions of A = 100 mg/L and B = 35 days respectively. The validation test confirmed the predicted results obtained by Central Composite Design, as the removals achieved under optimum conditions were 91.04% and 59.17% for AC and MP, respectively, which were in good agreement with the results proposed by the theoretical design

Assessment of the Interrelationship and the Influence Degree of Lean Dimensions Based on Fuzzy DEMATEL

Lean manufacturing is a world class philosophy and a well-approved strategy for improving quality, productivity and reduce cost to makes the organization more competitive in the changing global markets, where every organization pursues continuously to improve their lean performance by reducing or eliminating all types of waste. Fuzzy DEMATEL has been utilizes to develop assessment model to help focusing more on the most influence lean dimensions for driving the improvement process. Five essential lean dimensions have been studied that extracted by a survey to assess degree of relation, importance, and category the lean dimensions and determine the interrelationships among them. The assessment model has been developed using MICROSOFT EXCEL and applied by surveying five companies for soft drink and healthy water by a questionnaire to get their opinion about importance and the influence each lean dimension on another. Interrelationship diagram show top management has highest effect on all lean dimensions so it is considered as driving lean dimension