IDIOMS AND CULTURE: EXPLORING THE INTER-INFLUENCE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND OTHER LANGUAGES

Purpose of the study: The aim of this paper is to study the interplay of multilingual idioms through source and time with a caveat that it is an endless pursuit. Methodology: In this research, logical analysis and modeling are used. Results: For the very reason that idioms are formed in a context, such learners and users must be very careful while using them. It is important for them to be well versed with the nuances and fine points of the foreign language before they venture into the use of idioms. Also, straightaway translating idioms from one’s native language into a foreign language can truly lead to disastrous communication glitches. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Idioms and culture is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Numerical Simulation on Conventional Ventilation System for Hospital Operating Room

Communities in the poor countries suffer from poor quality of health services. In the Republic of Yemen as one of those countries, some hospitals especially medium and small suffer of many problems which adversely affect health community life. This paper presents a case study conducted in a hospital operating room in Yemen, also computational fluids dynamics (CFD) analysis of the airflow, and temperature distribution are presented and discussed. The operating room model includes a patient lying on an operating table, four surgical staff, two air supply and four air exhausts. Results of simulation show a good agreement with experimental data from the literature and adopted standard. It is found that the airflow and air velocity significantly affects the thermal comfort of all workers in the operating room. Therefore, the air that enters the operating room is very importance and affects the room temperature. It is observed that the application of CFD in hospitals will give rise to design the internal environment and improved health outcomes especially in a country like Yemen

Analyzing Phytohormone Levels in Fruits of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Derived from Tissue Culture under Different Pollination Treatments

This study evaluated three male date palm varieties, namely, Red-Ganami, Red-Ganami + Khakri Al-Adi and Red-Ganami + Al-Canary, in three age of spathes  (early, late and middle) in a private orchard at Al-Seebah district, Basrah province. The plants were subjected to two pollination dates immediately after opening of female flowers and three days after opening of female flowers. The contents of auxin-like substances, gibberellin and abscisic acid in the flowers were determined. The second pollination date resulted in the highest contents of auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid, with values of 24.305, 138.660 and 12.355 µg.gm-1, respectively. The mixture of Red-Ganami + canary cultivars had the highest concentrations of auxin 24.512 µg.gm -1 and gibberellins 136.842 µg.gm-1, whereas Red-Ganami had the highest concentration of abscisic acid 3.554 μg.gm-1. Early age of spathes showed significant differences in the concentrations of auxin and abscisic acid, with average values of 26.015 and 14.031 µg.gm-1, respectively. Late postmenopausal age recorded the highest concentration of gibberellins at 136.842 μg.gm-1. For the two- and three-way interactions, a statistically significant superiority was observed in most of the study coefficients. In conclusion, the contents of auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid significantly differed with the pollination date and the pollin cultivar combinations showed the highest concentrations of these substances. The different ages of male puberty also affected pollination and fertilizatio

Impact of Aspiration in the Assessing Process of Pediatric Lung Disease

This study aimed at analyzing the impact of Aspiration in the assessing process of pediatric lung disease, as the affected children will frequently encounter a situation where swallowing is insecure and aspiration is likely. Besides analyzing the Aspiration of foreign matter into the airways and lungs that can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders with various presentations. And discussing the type of syndrome resulting from aspiration depends on the quantity and nature of the aspirated material, the chronicity, and the host responses. Considering that Aspiration is most likely to occur in subjects with a decreased level of consciousness, compromised airway defense mechanisms, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and recurrent vomiting

Unleashing environmental performance: the impact of green entrepreneurial motivation on small enterprises

Background: Environmental degradation has been annoying, pressuring enterprises to look for innovative ways to improve their operations, methods and products. Aim: This research identifies the key factors contributing to developing innovative behaviour among small enterprises in Saudi Arabia and their effect on environmental performance (EP). Method: The study collected a sample of 284 from different types of small enterprises operating in Saudi Arabia. The data collected were analysed using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results: The study revealed interesting results. It was found that green entrepreneurial motivation (GEM) can positively and significantly influence green innovation (GI) as well as environmental performance. It was also found that green innovation can positively and significantly affect environmental performance. Finally, green innovation could mediate the relationship between green entrepreneurial motivation and environmental performance. Also, Knowledge sharing (KS) could moderate the relationship between green entrepreneurial motivation and green innovation. Conclusion: The study concluded by providing several recommendations for the policymakers in Saudi Arabia

Improving social performance through innovative small green businesses: knowledge sharing and green entrepreneurial intention as antecedents

Small businesses are thought to be largely responsible for environmental pollution despite the fact that businesses of all shapes and sizes contribute to this issue. This research explores how important factors such as knowledge sharing (KS) and green entrepreneurial intention (GEI) might help small businesses in Saudi Arabia develop and implement green innovation (GI). It also seeks to determine whether GI is a mediating variable that explains the connection between GEI, KS, and social performance (SP). Accordingly, an online survey was used to collect responses from 284 small entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia engaged in various types of business activities. The study used partial least squares structural equation modelling for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The results show that GI considerably influences SP while also having a significant link with both GEI and KS. Further, the study reveals that the relationship between GEI, KS, and SP is mediated by GI. The study offers a plethora of suggestions to various stakeholders generally and to Saudi authorities specifically

Generation of polyclonal antibody with high avidity to rosuvastatin and its use in development of highly sensitive ELISA for determination of rosuvastatin in plasma

In this study, a polyclonal antibody with high avidity and specificity to the potent hypocholesterolaemic agent rosuvastatin (ROS) has been prepared and used in the development of highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of ROS in plasma. ROS was coupled to keyhole limpt hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using carbodiimide reagent. ROS-KLH conjugate was used for immunization of female 8-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits. The immune response of the rabbits was monitored by direct ELISA using ROS-BSA immobilized onto microwell plates as a solid phase. The rabbit that showed the highest antibody titer and avidity to ROS was scarified and its sera were collected. The IgG fraction was isolated and purified by avidity chromatography on protein A column. The purified antibody showed high avidity to ROS; IC50 = 0.4 ng/ml. The specificity of the antibody for ROS was evaluated by indirect ELISA using various competitors from the ROS-structural analogues and the therapeutic agents used with ROS in a combination therapy. The proposed ELISA involved a competitive binding reaction between ROS, in plasma sample, and the immobilized ROS-BSA for the binding sites on a limited amount of the anti-ROS antibody. The bound anti-ROS antibody was quantified with horseradish peroxidase-labeled second anti-rabbit IgG antibody (HRP-IgG) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate for the peroxidase enzyme. The concentration of ROS in the sample was quantified by its ability to inhibit the binding of the anti-ROS antibody to the immobilized ROS-BSA and subsequently the color intensity in the assay wells. The assay enabled the determination of ROS in plasma at concentrations as low as 40 pg/ml

Cigarettes' use and capabilities-opportunities-motivation-for-behavior model:a multi-country survey of adolescents and young adults

The use of cigarettes among adolescents and young adults (AYA) is an important issue. This study assessed the association between regular and electronic-cigarettes use among AYA and factors of the Capability-Motivation-Opportunity-for-Behavior-change (COM-B) model. A multi-country survey was conducted between August-2020 and January-2021, Data was collected using the Global-Youth-Tobacco-Survey and Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder-7-item-scale. Multi-level logistic-regression-models were used. Use of regular and electronic-cigarettes were dependent variables. The explanatory variables were capability-factors (COVID-19 status, general anxiety), motivation-factors (attitude score) and opportunity-factors (country-level affordability scores, tobacco promotion-bans, and smoke free-zones) controlling for age and sex. Responses of 6,989-participants from 25-countries were used. Those who reported that they were infected with COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of electronic-cigarettes use (AOR = 1.81, P = 0.02). Normal or mild levels of general anxiety and negative attitudes toward smoking were associated with significantly lower odds of using regular-cigarettes (AOR = 0.34, 0.52, and 0.75, P < 0.001) and electronic-cigarettes (AOR = 0.28, 0.45, and 0.78, P < 0.001). Higher affordability-score was associated with lower odds of using electronic-cigarettes (AOR = 0.90, P = 0.004). Country-level-smoking-control policies and regulations need to focus on reducing cigarette affordability. Capability, motivation and opportunity factors of the COM-B model were associated with using regular or electronic cigarettes

Anxiety among adolescents and young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country survey

(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries. Dependent-variables included general-anxiety level, and independent-variables included medical problems, COVID-19 infection, age, sex, education, and country-income-level and region. A multilevel-multinomial-logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between dependent, and independent-variables. (3) Results: Of the 6989 respondents, 2964 (42.4%) had normal-anxiety, and 2621 (37.5%), 900 (12.9%) and 504 (7.2%) had mild, moderate and severe-anxiety, respectively. Participants from the African region (AFR) had lower odds of mild, moderate and severe than normal-anxiety compared to those from the Eastern-Mediterranean-region (EMR). Also, participants from lower-middle-income-countries (LMICs) had higher odds of mild and moderate than normal-anxiety compared to those from low-income-countries (LICs). Females, older-adolescents, with medical-problems, suspected-but-not-tested-for-COVID-19, and those with friends/family-infected with COVID-19 had significantly greater odds of different anxiety-levels. (4) Conclusions: One-in-five AYA had moderate to severe-anxiety during the COVID-19-pandemic. There were differences in anxiety-levels among AYAs by region and income-level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions based on nationally-identified priorities