The Question of Corruption During Releasement on Parole

The article notes that the existing corruption manifestations in the criminal-executive system, including when deciding on the conditional early release of a person serving a sentence of imprisonment, have become quite frequent. An analysis of the explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is given, which pays special attention to the issue of parole. It is noted that his explanations are designed not only to streamline the process of parole, but also to really help to release those who are not dangerous to society. To exclude violations when applying parole, which are analyzed in the article, it is necessary to take a number of measures within the framework of reforming the penal system

Personalized Approach as a Basis for the Future Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (Literature Review)

The global spread of tuberculosis remains one of actual problems of public health despite of introduction of public health safety programs. Early, rapid and accurate identification of M. tuberculosis and determination of drug susceptibility are essential for treatment and management of this disease. Delay in delivering results prolongs potentially inappropriate antituberculosis therapy, contributing to emergence of drug resistance, reducing treatment options and increasing treatment duration and associated costs, resulting in increased mortality and morbidity. Faster, more comprehensive diagnostics will enable earlier use of the most appropriate drug regimen, thus improving patient outcomes and reducing overall healthcare costs. The treatment of infection based on the using of massive antimicrobial therapy with analysis of bacterial strains resistance to first line drugs (FLD) isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM). However, the public health practitioners pay no attention to functional activity of human immune system genes. The interaction of bacterial genomes and immune system genes plays the major role in infection progress. There is growing evidence that, together with human and environmental factors, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain diversity contributes to the variable outcome of infection and disease in human TB. We suppose that the future of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis lies in the field of personal medicine with comprehensive analysis of host and pathogen genes

Magnetotherapy in the Resort Treatment of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease in Combination with Diabetes

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of the rotating magnetic field by means of complex magnetotherapeutic «Alma» in the spa treatment of patients with combined cardial and endorine pathology. Material and methods: 60 patients with coronary artery disease in combination with type 2 diabetes are studied Results: The advantage of the comprehensive use of rotating magnetic field and natural healing factors of Essentuki resort is showed. Improvements in the daily monitoring of electrocardiogram ECG, lypid, carbohydrate metabolism, in the functional state of homeostasis in second group patients is 18-20% higher than in the first group (p1-2 <0.05). Summary: Complex spa treatment with the moving in space rotating magnetic field significantly improves health and improves quality of life in patients with combined pathology

Sequencing of a fragment of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status

Background. Obesity is a significant social problem among the population of the world. The leptin gene (LEP) is currently considered as a potential candidate gene influencing metabolic disorders associated with predisposition to overweight and obesity. Leptin plays an important role in body weight homeostasis by influencing food intake and energy expenditure and maintaining constant energy stores. A defect in the leptin gene may be one of the causes of obesity and, as a result, of various obesity-associated pathologies. The aim of the study. To search for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status. Methods. The study involved 20  adolescents aged 11–17  years with normal body weight and  overweight/obesity. Research methods: assessment of clinical status with  anthropometry; Sanger sequencing of the leptin gene fragment localized in the  intron of this gene – (5’-AGCCTTGTTTTCATCATCTGGA, 3’-TGGGAGGAATCGCTCTCAGA). We also carried out bioinformatic processing of sequencing results. Results. As a result of the study, the optimal conditions for amplification of the 891 bps leptin gene region were selected for the above mentioned primer pair of the LEP gene (s16_L891, s16_R891). Based on the results of sequencing, 45 single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene were identified, including 23 single nucleotide substitutions which were not previously registered in GenBank. In the group of adolescents with overweight and obesity, 14 unregistered single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene and 13 registered SNPs were identified in the GenBank database. In the group of adolescents with normal body weight, these SNPs were not found

Организация медицинской помощи больным артериальной гипертензией в районах Иркутской области с низкой доступностью специализированной помощи

The complex of medical aid arrangements for arterial hypertension patients in the rural and farthest areas of Irkutsk Region which were characterized by low accessibility of specialized medical aid was developed. The complex make possible to improve awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension.Разработана система оказания медицинской помощи больным артериальной гипертензией в сельских и отдаленных районах Иркутской области с низкой доступностью специализированной медицинской помощи, позволяющая существенно повысить уровни осведомленности, лечения и контроля артериальной гипертензии

ГОСПИТАЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ОСТРЫМ КОРОНАРНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ БЕЗ ПОДЪЕМА СЕГМЕНТА ST ПО ДАННЫМ РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Background. Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is a common cause of hospital admissions of coronary artery disease patients.Aim. To assess clinical and epidemiological patterns and hospital outcomes of treatment of NSTE-ACS in Kemerovo in period from 2015 to 2017.Methods. 4884 patients with NSTE-ACS admitted to the Kemerovo healthcare facilities in the period from 2015 to 2017 were included in a retrospective observational study. In-hospital period was subjected to the analysis.Results. The morbidity of NSTE-ACS increased by 16.92% (from 267.78 cases in 2015 to 302.13 cases per 100 thousand population in 2017). The rate of invasive treatment strategies in patients with NSTE-ACS did not change significantly within the study period (about 33%). In-hospital mortality from NSTE-ACS slightly decreased (from 3.74% in 2015 to 3.21% in 2017, p = 0.681).Conclusion. The observational study reported a tendency towards increasing prevalence of NSTE-ACS in a large industrial center within the 3-year period by 16.92%. Nevertheless, the availability of invasive treatment in Kemerovo within the study period remained high (33%). However, relatively high in-hospital mortality rate (3.36%) in NSTEMI has been determined and requires additional studies. Актуальность. Острый коронарный синдром без подъема сегмента ST (ОКСбпST) является наиболее частой причиной госпитализации больных ишемической болезнью сердца.Цель. Изучить клинико-эпидемиологические особенности и госпитальные результаты лечения ОКСбпST в г. Кемерово за 2015–2017 гг.Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное обсервационное исследование было включено 4884 больных ОКСбпST, госпитализированных в стационары г. Кемерово за 2015–2017 гг. Анализу подвергся только госпитальный период лечения пациентов.Результаты. За указанный период времени заболеваемость ОКСбпST увеличилась на 16,92% (с 267,78 случаев в 2015 г. до 302,13 случаев на 100 тыс. населения в 2017 г.). Частота инвазивной стратегии лечения больных ОКСбпST за период исследования в динамике достоверно не менялась (около 33%). Также незначимо снизилась госпитальная летальность при ОКСбпST (с 3,74% в 2015 г., до 3,21% в 2017 г., р = 0,681).Заключение. Проведенное регистровое исследование позволило нам выявить тенденцию увеличения распространенности ОКСбпST в крупном промышленном центре за три года на 16,92%. При этом доступность инвазивного лечения в г. Кемерово за исследуемый период сохраняется на достаточно высоком уровне (33%). Обращает на себя внимание относительно высокая госпитальная летальность (3,36%) при ОКСбпST, что требует дополнительного анализа.

Viral Load in COVID-19: Underestimated Clinical and Epidemiological Marker

Background. The viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection, is becoming increasingly important in clinical and epidemiological contexts. Despite this, there are significant complexities in the implementation of viral load quantitative measurement into clinical practice due to the limited approaches to its assessment.The aim of this work was to develop an approach for SARS-CoV-2 viral load analysis by the value of sample threshold cycles (Ct) relative to the Ct of the internal control sample obtained in routine PCR diagnostics of the COVID-19, and to use this approach for quantitative monitoring of viral load in patients with first positive SARS-CoV-2 test from the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. Using regression models based on the least squares method, an approach to determine the number of copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1 ml of nasopharyngeal secretion was developed. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal samples obtained from 1370 patients from Irkutsk and Angarsk with primary diagnosed positive PCR result in the period from July 1 to November 10, 2020.Results. A tenfold increase in the average monthly viral load among patients in September-October 2020 was revealed. We assume that the change in the epidemiological pattern of the spread of the new coronavirus infection during this period is associated with an increase in the number of contacts in the population due to the school year beginning. Higher viral loads are observed in populations at risk for COVID-19 – among healthcare workers and adults/elderly patients. Conclusion. The development of a standardized quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal samples can be a predictive clinical marker and a reliable tool for improving COVID-19 surveillance using the proposed approach to assess average viral load in a local population

ОЦЕНКА КЛИНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕТОДИКИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ФРАКЦИОННОГО РЕЗЕРВА КРОВОТОКа В ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ С ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА

Purpose. Examine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the use of methods of measurement of fractional flow reserve in the treatment of coronary heart disease patients with multivessel coronary.Materials and Methods. The study included 62 patients with coronary heart disease and multivessel coronary disease who underwent multi-stage endovascular revascularization.Results. Conducting clinical and economic analysis showed that the use of additional methods of measurement of fractional flow reserve in patients with multivessel coronary disease increases the cost of percutaneous coronary interventions during the first phase of myocardial revascularization. But at the same time, it reduces the cost of treatment of the patient in general, reducing the «cost of disease.» This is achieved by reducing the need for patient readmission rates for the second phase of myocardial revascularization.Цель. Изучить клинико-экономическую эффективность использования методики измерения фракционного резерва кровотока в лечении больных с ишемической болезнью сердца при многососудистом поражении коронарного русла.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 62 пациента с ишемической болезнью сердца с многососудистым поражением коронарного русла, перенесших многоэтапную эндоваскулярную реваскуляризацию миокарда.Результаты. Проведенный клинико-экономический анализ показал, что дополнительное применение методики измерения фракционного резерва кровотока у больных с многососудистым поражением коронарного русла увеличивает стоимость чрескожного коронарного вмешательства во время первого этапа реваскуляризации миокарда. Но в то же время, позволяет снизить затраты на лечение больного в целом, уменьшая «стоимость болезни». Это достигается за счет снижения потребности пациента в повторных госпитализациях для проведения второго этапа реваскуляризации миокарда