Percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: risks and novel way to manage

The article is a literature review devoted to issues of planned percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenetic base of poor prognosis and new ways to pharmacological risk correction are described. The article highlights the trends in the incidence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, their role in the development of complications of myocardial revascularization. The results of studies comparing different tactics of revascularization and their results in patients with different status of carbohydrate metabolism are presented. The article discusses the methods of risk management within percutaneous coronary revascularization, the role of glycemic metabolism in the risk of an poor prognosis of myocardial revascularization, describes the results of clinical trials of new drugs that can have a positive effect on the prognosis of revascularization in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders

Факторы развития фибрилляции предсердий после операции на «открытом» сердце

Aim. To identify the factors influencing the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF).Methods. The study included 100 patients with indications for cardiac surgery, aged 53 to 82 years (mean age 67.2±17 years). The group included patients who had no history of AF before surgery. Cardiac surgery in the group was presented in 63 patients by coronary artery bypass grafting, and in 37 – by intervention on the heart valves. All respondents were divided into 2 groups: the first included 39 people (39%) who had AF paroxysms lasting more than 30 seconds in the early postoperative period, with a peak at 1–2 days, in 13 (33.3%) cases of AF relapsed. The second group of patients was represented by 61 patients (61%) without cardiac arrhythmias after surgery.Results. The dependence of the development of POAF on age, the concentration of C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood taken on the day of cardiac surgery, the longitudinal size of the left atrium before surgery was revealed.Conclusion. It was found out that a number of factors such as age, preoperative left atrium size, C-reactive protein level in the first days after surgery suggest the development of POAF. The use of the predictors obtained can make it possible to develop an effective strategy for the prevention of POAF. Цель. Установить факторы, влияющие на развитие послеоперационной фибрилляции предсердий (ПОФП).Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 100 пациентов с показаниями для кардиохирургического лечения в возрасте от 53 до 82 лет (средний возраст 67,2±17 года). В исследуемую группу вошли больные, у которых до операции по данным анамнеза не зарегистрирована ФП. 63 пациентам выполнено аортокоронарное шунтирование, 37 больным – вмешательство на клапанах сердца. Все респонденты разделены на две группы: в первую вошли 39 человек (39%), у которых в раннем послеоперационном периоде зарегистрированы пароксизмы ФП длительностью более 30 с, с пиком на 1–2-е сут, в 13 (33,3%) случаях ФП рецидивировала. Вторая группа представлена 61 больным (61%) без нарушений ритма сердца после хирургического вмешательства.Результаты. Выявлена зависимость развития ПОФП от возраста, концентрации С-реактивного белка в периферической крови, взятой в день операции, продольного размера левого предсердия до хирургического вмешательства.Заключение. Ряд факторов, таких как возраст больного, дооперационные размеры левого предсердия, уровень С-реактивного белка в первые дни после оперативного вмешательства, позволяют предположить развитие ПОФП. Полученные предикторы могут быть использованы для разработки эффективной стратегии профилактики данного послеоперационного осложнения.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ ПАЦИЕНТА С СЕМЕЙНОЙ ГЕТЕРОЗИГОТНОЙ ГИПЕРХОЛЕСТЕРИНЕМИЕЙ

The article presents the clinical case of a patient with heterozygous family hypercholesterolemia with a retro-spective review of the disease progression. The patient with severe lipid metabolism disorder was referred to the Center of Lipid Disorders at the Kemerovo Regional Clinical Cardiac Dispensary n. a. Academician L.S. Barbarash. The patient underwent selective screening according to the Dutch diagnostic criteria comprising of hypercho lesterolemia phenotype, personal and family history, as well as genetic factors. For patient N. the total cumulative score by the Dutch criteria was 30. The diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (CGS) was confirmed. The patient was given maximum tolerated doses of statins. However, the statin therapy was switched to combined lipidlowering therapy due to its low effectiveness.В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение пациентки с семейной гетерозиготной гиперхолестеринемией с ретроспективным анализом динамики развития данного заболевания. Пациентка с тяжелым нарушением липидного обмена обратилась в липидный центр Кемеровского областного клинического кардиологического диспансера имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, в котором ей проводилась диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена. Проведена оценка по Голландским диагностическим критериям, в основе которых лежат фенотипические проявления гиперхолестеринемии, собственный и семейный анамнез, а также генетические факторы. Для пациентки В. общая суммарная оценка по голландским критериям со-ставила 30 баллов, что делает диагноз семейной гиперхолестеринемии (СГХС) в данном клиническом случае определенным. Пациентке были назначены максимально переносимые дозы статинов. Однако ввиду их низкой эффективности лечение было скорректировано в пользу комбинированной гиполипидемической терапии

Visceral adiposity index in patients with coronary artery disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes

Aim. To assess visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and overweight or obesity, as well as to determine its relationship with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and inflammatory markers, depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD).Material and methods. The study included 95 patients with CAD and overweight (body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), of which 59 patients had type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 36 were without CMD. All patients were assessed for obesity; VAI was calculated. Following laboratory parameters were evaluated: glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, lipid panel. In patients without history of CMD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed.Results. Compared with patients without CMD, subjects with T2D had significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, as well as the body fat percentage, area and volume of visceral adipose tissue estimated by computed tomography. Analysis of lipid profile, C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels did not reveal significant differences between the groups. VAI also did not significantly differ in both groups. VAI had the most correlations with clinical and metabolic parameters in both patients with T2D and without CMD. Other methods for assessing obesity were less correlated with laboratory parameters in both groups. Only VAI significantly correlated with adiponectin in both groups.Conclusion. The obtained correlations between VAI and clinical and metabolic parameters confirm the practicability of using it to determine adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with/without CMD. The effect of increased VAI on the cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients requires further study