Some Consequences of Noncommutative Worldsheet of Superstring

In this paper some properties of the superstring with noncommutative worldsheet are studied. We study the noncommutativity of the spacetime, generalization of the Poincar\'e symmetry of the superstring, the changes of the metric, antisymmetric tensor and dilaton.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, no figure, a new action and some references have been adde

Schwinger Effect in Non-parallel D1-branes: A Path Integral Approach

We study the Schwinger effect in a system of non-parallel D1-branes for the bosonic strings using the path integral formalism. We drive the string pair creation rate by calculating the one loop vacuum amplitude of the setup in presence of the background electric filed defined along one of the D1-branes. We find an angle dependent minimum value for the background field and show that the decaying of vacuum into string pairs takes place for the field above this value. It is shown that in $\theta\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}$ limit the vacuum becomes stable and thus no pair creation occurs

Nutritional status in patients with Hepatitis C

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status via the SGA (subjective global assessment) screening tool of patients at all stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver disease. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Out-patient Clinics of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, conducted from October 2009 to January 2011. METHODOLOGY: Patients with hepatitis C virus infection and their HCV-negative attendants were enrolled from the outpatient clinics, and categorized into 4 groups of 100 patients each: healthy controls (HC), those with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC), compensated cirrhotics (CC) and decompensated cirrhotics (DC). The validated subjective global assessment (SGA) tool was used to assess nutritional status. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were enrolled. Most of the patients in the HC group were class \u27A\u27 (best nutritional status). In contrast, the majority (64%) in the DC group were in the class \u27C\u27 (worst status). The compensated cirrhosis (CC) group showed that 90% of patients were malnourished, while 98% of all patients were malnourished in the DC group, predominantly class \u27C\u27. Most importantly, 14% of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) also scored a \u27B\u27 on the SGA; which when compared to HC was statistically significant (p=0.005). As the groups progressed in their disease from CHC to DC, the transition in nutritional status from \u27A\u27 to \u27C\u27 between groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition occurs early in the course of HCV, and progresses relentlessly throughout the spectrum of HCVdisease

In Vitro Comparative Acaricidal Efficacy of Azadirachtin A and Amitrax on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus Larvae

No Abstrac

Moving Branes with Background Massless and Tachyon Fields in the Compact Spacetime

In this article we shall obtain the boundary state associated with a moving $Dp$-brane in the presence of the Kalb-Ramond field $B_{\mu\nu}$, an internal U(1) gauge field $A_{\alpha}$ and a tachyon field, in the compact spacetime. According to this state, properties of the brane and a closed string, with mixed boundary conditions emitted from it, will be obtained. Using this boundary state we calculate the interaction amplitude of two moving $Dp_{1}$ and $Dp_{2}$-branes with above background fields in a partially compact spacetime. They are parallel or perpendicular to each other. Properties of the interaction amplitude will be analyzed and contribution of the massless states to the interaction will be extracted.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, no figur

Effects of Parasitic Infections on Erythrocyte Indices of Camels in Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and effect of parasitic infection on erythrocyte indices in trade camels slaughtered in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Two hundred adult one humped camels comprised of 87 (43.5 %) males and 113 (56.5 %) females were examined for helminths and hemoparasites at their slaughter time according to the standard procedures. An overall prevalence of 79 % for single and mixed infections was observed. Examination of faecal samples from camels shows 82 (41 %) were harbouring different nematodes, mostly Strongyle, Strongyloides and Hemonchus species. Buffy coat and thin smear examination of blood samples showed Babesia and Anaplasma species. More females (44.5 %) than males (34.5 %) were positive for various parasitic infections. But the percentage was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Packed cell volume (PCV), mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell counts were significantly (P < 0.01) affected in the infected camels compared to the non-infected ones. Parasite infection in camels leads to macrocytic anaemia

New Form of the T-Duality Due to the Stability of a Compact Dimension

We study behaviors of a compact dimension and the $T$-duality, in the presence of the wrapped closed bosonic strings. When the closed strings interact and form another system of strings, the radius of compactification increases. This modifies the $T$-duality, which we call it as $T$-duality-like. Some effects of the $T$-duality-like will be studied.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, no figur

Noncommutative Decrumpling Inflation and Running of the Spectral Index

We present a new inflation model, known as noncommutative decrumpling inflation, in which space has noncommutative geometry with time variability of the number of spatial dimensions. Within the framework of noncommutative decrumpling inflation, we compute both the spectral index and its running. Our results show that the effects of both time variability of the number of spatial dimensions and noncommutative geometry on the spectral index and its running. Two classes of examples have been studied and comparisons made with the standard slow-roll formulae. We conclude that the effects of noncommutative geometry on the spectral index and its running are much smaller than the effects of time variability of spatial dimensions.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Int.J.Mod.Phys.

(p+1)-Algebra for Super p-Brane: the Nambu Bracket Reformulation

We express the covariant actions of a super p-brane and the corresponding equations of motion, in the flat and curved superspaces, in terms of the Nambu (p+1)-brackets. These brackets make the (p+1)-algebra structure of super p-brane manifest. For the flat superspace, this reconstruction of the action also allows reformulating it in terms of two sets of differential forms.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, no figure. Some new formulas have been adde