269 research outputs found
Information security for college students
The content of the article deals with the essence of the concepts of "security", "information security", "security threat", "economic security". The author analyzes in more detail the concept of "information security"Π ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Β«Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ», Β«ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ». ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Mixed hybrid finite element scheme for stefan problem with prescribed convection
We construct a mixed hybrid finite element scheme of lowest order for the Stefan problem with prescribed convection and suggest and investigate an iterative method for its solution. In the iterative method we use a preconditioner constructed by using "standard" finite element approximation of Laplace operator on a finer grid. The proposed approach develops the results of [1], where a spectrally equivalent preconditioner for the condensed matrix in mixed hybrid finite element approximation for linear elliptic equation was constructed
Influence of World Economic and Credit Ratings on the Investment Climate of the Republic of Belarus
In this article abstract is considered as the situation of the Republic of Belarus in the world economic and credit ratings. Also there are made the conclusions about the dynamic of analyzed indicators and tendencies of the differences of analyzed facts
NORMATIVE-COMPETENCE MODEL OF THE TEACHER OF THE ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Introduction. The growth of requirements for the quality and effectiveness of educational activities, identified in a number of government documents, determines the need to normalize the professional activities of teaching staff. The aim of this article is to present the normative-competence model of the teacher of additional professional education developed by the Department of Pedagogy and Andragogy of the Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Education Development, and to substantiate the potential of this model as an effective mechanism of intracorporate support of continuous professional development of the institutes of advanced training of specialists teaching staff. Methodology and research methods. The general theoretical basis for the design of the normative-competence model of the teacher consists of the system-activity, competency-based, andragogical, comparative general scientific approaches. The methods of the qualification and dispersive analysis, expert estimations, participant observation, stratified sampling were used to determine the efficiency of the model and diagnostics of professional competences of teachers of additional professional education. Processing of the data obtained was performed by the methods of mathematical statistics β the analysis of reliability of mathematical expectation differences and hypotheses checking on the basis of fitting criterion. Results and scientific novelty. The presented model contains a set of key qualities that provide the pedagogical worker with the ability to be successful in achieving the strategic educational goals. The structure of the model includes the clusters of universal, general professional and professional competencies; maps and indicators of competencies divided into three levels β monodisciplinary, multidisciplinary, metadisciplinary. The advantage of the model is that it can serve as a framework for objective assessment of professionalism of teachers of additional professional education as well as a standard framework to upgrade teachersβ qualification and self-development. The hypothesis on the conditions of the model realization was tested in the course of the project experiment conducted by the authors. The conditions of three types presented: content-activity, organizational-managerial, and the ability to transform the conditions of the first and second types for professional development of the teachers. The inputs and outputs research results on teachersβ competencies by the end of the three-year intra-corporate training curriculum βAndragogical School of Eventual Educationβ have shown the efficiency of application of the developed model in the format of self-training organization. Practical significance. The normative-competence model is universal and fully consistent with the requirements of the teachersβ career development system. The model presented provides the groundwork for scientific and educational activity of the teacher of additional professional education and can be used by everyone who is engaged in educational activity in the conditions of continuous pedagogical education.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ; ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ β ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ: ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Β«Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Β» ΠΈ Β«Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Β» ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ° Β«ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
, ΠΊΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Effects of Turbulent Mixing on the Critical Behavior
Effects of strongly anisotropic turbulent mixing on the critical behavior are
studied by means of the renormalization group. Two models are considered: the
equilibrium model A, which describes purely relaxational dynamics of a
nonconserved scalar order parameter, and the Gribov model, which describes the
nonequilibrium phase transition between the absorbing and fluctuating states in
a reaction-diffusion system. The velocity is modelled by the d-dimensional
generalization of the random shear flow introduced by Avellaneda and Majda
within the context of passive scalar advection. Existence of new nonequilibrium
types of critical regimes (universality classes) is established.Comment: Talk given in the International Bogolyubov Conference "Problems of
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics" (Moscow-Dubna, 21-27 August 2009
A compendium of human genes regulating feeding behavior and body weight, its functional characterization and identification of GWAS genes involved in brain-specific PPI network
BACKGROUND: Obesity is heritable. It predisposes to many diseases. The objectives of this study were to create a compendium of genes relevant to feeding behavior (FB) and/or body weight (BW) regulation; to construct and to analyze networks formed by associations between genes/proteins; and to identify the most significant genes, biological processes/pathways, and tissues/organs involved in BW regulation.
RESULTS: The compendium of genes controlling FB or BW includes 578 human genes. Candidate genes were identified from various sources, including previously published original research and review articles, GWAS meta-analyses, and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). All genes were ranked according to knowledge about their biological role in body weight regulation and classified according to expression patterns or functional characteristics. Substantial and overrepresented numbers of genes from the compendium encoded cell surface receptors, signaling molecules (hormones, neuropeptides, cytokines), transcription factors, signal transduction proteins, cilium and BBSome components, and lipid binding proteins or were present in the brain-specific list of tissue-enriched genes identified with TSEA tool. We identified 27 pathways from KEGG, REACTOME and BIOCARTA whose genes were overrepresented in the compendium. Networks formed by physical interactions or homological relationships between proteins or interactions between proteins involved in biochemical/signaling pathways were reconstructed and analyzed. Subnetworks and clusters identified by the MCODE tool included genes/proteins associated with cilium morphogenesis, signal transduction proteins (particularly, G protein-coupled receptors, kinases or proteins involved in response to insulin stimulus) and transcription regulation (particularly nuclear receptors). We ranked GWAS genes according to the number of neighbors in three networks and revealed 22 GWAS genes involved in the brain-specific PPI network. On the base of the most reliable PPIs functioning in the brain tissue, new regulatory schemes interpreting relevance to BW regulation are proposed for three GWAS genes (ETV5, LRP1B, and NDUFS3).
CONCLUSIONS: A compendium comprising 578 human genes controlling FB or BW was designed, and the most significant functional groups of genes, biological processes/pathways, and tissues/organs involved in BW regulation were revealed. We ranked genes from the GWAS meta-analysis set according to the number and quality of associations in the networks and then according to their involvement in the brain-specific PPI network and proposed new regulatory schemes involving three GWAS genes (ETV5, LRP1B, and NDUFS3) in BW regulation. The compendium is expected to be useful for pathology risk estimation and for design of new pharmacological approaches in the treatment of human obesity
Disease-associated genetic variants in the regulatory regions of human genes: mechanisms of action on transcription and genomic resources for dissecting these mechanisms
Whole genome and whole exome sequencing technologies play a very important role in the studies of the genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of various diseases. The ample use of genome-wide and exome-wide association study methodology (GWAS and EWAS) made it possible to identify a large number of genetic variants associated with diseases. This information is accumulated in the databases like GWAS central, GWAS catalog, OMIM, ClinVar, etc. Most of the variants identified by the GWAS technique are located in the noncoding regions of the human genome. According to the ENCODE project, the fraction of regions in the human genome potentially involved in transcriptional control is many times greater than the fraction of coding regions. Thus, genetic variation in noncoding regions of the genome can increase the susceptibility to diseases by disrupting various regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulator regions, etc.). However, identification of the mechanisms of influence of pathogenic genetic variants on the diseases risk is difficult due to a wide variety of regulatory elements. The present review focuses on the molecular genetic mechanisms by which pathogenic genetic variants affect gene expression. At the same time, attention is concentrated on the transcriptional level of regulation as an initial step in the expression of any gene. A triggering event mediating the effect of a pathogenic genetic variant on the level of gene expression can be, for example, a change in the functional activity of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or DNA methylation change, which, in turn, affects the functional activity of promoters or enhancers. Dissecting the regulatory roles of polymorphic loci have been impossible without close integration of modern experimental approaches with computer analysis of a growing wealth of genetic and biological data obtained using omics technologies. The review provides a brief description of a number of the most well-known public genomic information resources containing data obtained using omics technologies, including (1) resources that accumulate data on the chromatin states and the regions of transcription factor binding derived from ChIP-seq experiments; (2) resources containing data on genomic loci, for which allele-specific transcription factor binding was revealed based on ChIP-seq technology; (3) resources containing in silico predicted data on the potential impact of genetic variants on the transcription factor binding sites
Online resources on gene networks containing human andΒ animal data
Gene networks are molecular genetic systems that ensure the formation of phenotypic characteristics of organisms (molecular, biochemical, structural, morphological, behavioral, etc.) based onΒ information encoded in their genomes. Reconstruction of gene networks provides a methodological basis for modern systems biology. In this regard, the information on the structural and functional organization of gene networks accumulated in modern databases is extremely valuable. This review characterizes a number of Internetaccessible information resources oriented to humans and animals and containing data on gene networks and their functional modules. Without pretending to fully cover all information resources containing data related to humans and animals on the subject, the current review was created to report the current status of the problem and to present the criteria according to which we propose to evaluate the utility of webresources for specific research tasks. On this basis, we compiled and characterized a collection of databases containing information on metabolic and signaling pathways, as well as pathways of regulation of biological processes at the cellular and organismal levels. In addition, we observed the characteristics of several wellΒknown databases containing data on interactions between biomolecules of various types. The following characteristics of databases were considered: (1) the types of information accumulated in the databases; (2) methods of data presentation; (3) methods of data collection; (4) data sources; (5) special search tools and options for data analysis. A comparison of the above characteristics showed that the databases are very heterogeneous according to their scopes, sources and types of data, interfaces, as well as according to their search options and data analysis tools. It was concluded that at the first step of the gene network reconstruction it is important to form a full set of information resources from which the data can be obtained. The web portals accumulating information about the databases that may be useful for the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks are specified
Ongoing recombination in SARS-CoV-2 revealed through genealogical reconstruction
The evolutionary process of genetic recombination has the potential to rapidly change the properties of a viral pathogen, and its presence is a crucial factor to consider in the development of treatments and vaccines. It can also significantly affect the results of phylogenetic analyses and the inference of evolutionary rates. The detection of recombination from samples of sequencing data is a very challenging problem and is further complicated for SARS-CoV-2 by its relatively slow accumulation of genetic diversity. The extent to which recombination is ongoing for SARS-CoV-2 is not yet resolved. To address this, we use a parsimony-based method to reconstruct possible genealogical histories for samples of SARS-CoV-2 sequences, which enables us to pinpoint specific recombination events that could have generated the data. We propose a statistical framework for disentangling the effects of recurrent mutation from recombination in the history of a sample, and hence provide a way of estimating the probability that ongoing recombination is present. We apply this to samples of sequencing data collected in England and South Africa and find evidence of ongoing recombination
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