6 research outputs found

    Categorical search for three-dimensional shapes in participants with different level of mathematical expertise

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    Background. The paper considers the issue of categorical search for three-dimensional geometric shapes. The results of the previous studies on the real-world objects showed that pre-attentive extrafoveal analysis provides an effective identification of the target, reflecting in the right direction of the first saccade compared with the random search. Objective. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of extrafoveal analysis during categorical search for pyramids in two groups of participants: mathematicians and psychologists. Design. 15 mathematicians and 17 psychologists aged 18-25 participated in the study. Each participant performed 144 trialssearching for the target pyramid among the distractor pyramids. In the series 2and 9, any eye movements were prohibited to study covert attention. Results. The findings of the experiment failed to reveal any differences in the use of extrafoveal analysis and accuracy in both groups. We observed dramatic individual differences, revealed in various degrees of extrafoveal analysis in the search process and in changing the strategy of the task solving. Special series which prohibited eye movements, demonstrated a significant role of covert attention in the categorical search, as well as the possibility and effectiveness of extrafoveal analysis even though while free instruction it could not be used by all participants and all cases. Conclusion. During categorical search both foveal and extrafoveal processing of stimuli, as well as pre-attentive analysis and covert attention, were simultaneously involved. The dynamics of their interaction was determined by low-level perceptual processes, individual characteristics of the subjects, the task specificity and the instruction

    Medical professional image in the social media by Muscovites: managerial and methodological aspects

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    The article presents a comparative study of social perception of a medical professional in the mass consciousness using social media monitoring and telephone survey. The aim of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for analysis and information policy on the formation of the medical professional image in the mass consciousness. The basis of the study is a sample of posts published by Muscovites in social media containing keywords associated with physician and nurses. In addition, another survey on people’s associations with these professions was conducted in order to compare the image in social media to the image held in the mass consciousness. The authors manually coded subsample of the respondents’ posts and articles from social media. The authors’ Python code was additionally used to analyse figures and lemmas. The study has allowed to describe the main elements of the specialists’ image among the population, including the perception of β€œtypical” physical characteristics for a health care worker, professional and personal qualities, and the relationship between the image of a physician and a nurse, where the former usually has a higher status than the latter. The study has revealed similar characteristics, but their different quantitative representation in the survey and analysis of social media, which has allowed to recommend social media analysis for performing qualitative analysis of the population’s opinions. At the same time, quantitative monitoring of the image in the online environment is also seen as useful due to the significant influence of social media on the formation of opinions in the mass consciousness. Such monitoring may be used as a way to get feedback within the framework of the image formation management process

    Global expansion of tertiary education and the position of young people in the labour market

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    Introduction. The explosive growth of tertiary education around the world calls attention to how this affects the employment of young graduates. Aim. The current research paper is aimed to analyse how the growth of young people’s participation in tertiary education is reflected in the change of their employment and economic activity. Methodology and research methods. The comparative and correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in the education attainment of young people and the dynamics of employment and economic activity indicators by levels of education. The article deals with educational statistics data from OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in OECD educational research. Results. The results of the analysis presented in the article show that the growth of tertiary education leads to an increase in the unemployment rate among the young population; however, this is true only for the least advanced programmes, while there is an increase in the employment rate for master’s degree graduates. Economic activity among young graduates with a master’s degree grew faster after the 2009 crisis than among graduates of other tertiary education programmes. Master’s degree graduates were in a better position during the crisis of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific novelty. The authors presented a detailed analysis of the growth in the scale of tertiary education and the changes of status in the labour market indicators of graduates of different tertiary education programmes. Practical significance of the study lies in the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the field of development of tertiary education based on the goal of increasing youth employment.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ рост ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ заставляСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ это влияСт Π½Π° трудоустройство ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… выпускников. ЦСлью ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ рост участия ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… людСй Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ отраТаСтся Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ… занятости ΠΈ экономичСской активности. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ коррСляционного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ связи измСнСния уровня образования ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… людСй ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ занятости ΠΈ экономичСской активности ΠΏΠΎ уровням образования. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ статистики стран ОЭБР, России ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… стран, ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдованиях ОЭБР. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, прСдставлСнныС Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ рост ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ уровня Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ срСди ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насСлСния, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ это справСдливо Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ для Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для выпускников магистратуры Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ рост уровня занятости. ЭкономичСская Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ срСди ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… магистров послС кризиса 2009 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ росла быстрСС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ срСди выпускников Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования. Выпускники магистратуры оказались Π² Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ кризиса 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ COVID-19. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ роста ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ статуса Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° выпускников Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-аналитичСской основы для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ дальнСйшСй ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² сфСрС развития Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования исходя с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ занятости ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ

    Reading in Children Who Survived Cerebellar Tumors: Evidence from Eye Movements

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    Cerebellar tumors often affect the eye movement centers located in vermis, negatively affecting cognitive development and learning abilities in children. Previous research has established that patients who survived cerebellar tumors tend to demonstrate various saccadic impairments (e.g., hypermetria) and poor gaze stability as compared to healthy controls. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of oculomotor deficits in such patients on reading parameters. A total of 112 children (8–17 y.o.), 65 of whom survived cerebellar tumors, participated in the study. The study design included several oculomotor and reading tasks. Eye movements were recorded every 1/60 s monocularly with an Arrington eye tracker. We observed profound reading impairments in the patients as compared to healthy children, including longer reading time, greater numbers of fixations and regressive saccades, and longer fixation durations. We also found significant correlations between changes in basic oculomotor functions and reading parameters. The patients also demonstrated gaze fixation instability, large number of fixations, and long scanpath reflecting the return of the gaze to the already counted objects. Thus, oculomotor changes caused by cerebellar tumor and its treatment led to disturbances in such neurocognitive activity as reading. Our findings emphasize the necessity of considering these deficits in cerebellar tumor survivors when designing rehabilitation protocols. Β© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

    How are the characteristics of national educational systems related to social inequality?

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    Introduction. A great deal of research concerns the impact of education on the socio-economic performance in different countries, with highlighting the positive impact of education. Aim. The current research is devoted to the relationship between educational indicators and social inequality representing the socio-economic development. Methodology and research methods. By having the use of correlation analysis, the authors examined the relationship between the indicators of national educational systems, including the participation of the population in education, the structure of graduation in educational programmes, the quality of secondary education, the organisation of the educational process, the volume and structure of education funding, on the one hand, and social inequality, on the other. Social inequality was measured using the Gini index, which represents the level of income inequality in the country. The authors also investigated the educational statistics data in the OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in the OECD educational research. Results. The results revealed the relationship between many educational indicators and the Gini index, as well as showed several features of these relationships in Russia. In particular, the authors observed a relationship between the social inequality index and such groups of educational indicators as the level of education (the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient varies from -0,68 for the level of upper-secondary vocational education to 0,51 for the level of upper-secondary general education), participation of the population in education (the correlation coefficient with the integral indicator of participation in education, the average number of years of learning, was -0,64), the quality of education (a positive relationship with the proportion of students, who have not reached the second level of reading literacy in the Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, reflected in the correlation coefficient equal to 0,56), the organisation of the educational process (positive correlation coefficient with class size equal to 0,61) and the indicators of education financing (negative correlation coefficients for primary and secondary education – -0.48, as well as for tertiary education – -0.57). It is important to note that the indicators related to master’s degree programmes show a greater negative correlation with social inequality than those reflecting the scale of bachelor’s degree programmes and short tertiary programmes. Scientific novelty of the research includes the detailed analysis of the determinants influencing the national educational systems in their relationship with social inequality, as well as the correlation between these parameters in Russia as compared with other countries. Practical significance of the study involves the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the sphere of education with taking into account socio-economic factors.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ВлияниС образования Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ стран являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… исслСдований, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… отмСчаСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ воздСйствия ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² образования Π½Π° экономичСскиС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ЦСль. Данная ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ связи ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· характСристик ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского развития общСства – ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нСравСнства. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ коррСляционного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ связи ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… участиС насСлСния Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, структуру выпуска ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, качСство срСднСго образования, ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса, ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ структуру финансирования образования, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нСравСнства, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ нСравСнство оцСниваСтся ΠΏΠΎ статистичСскому ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ для характСристики уровня экономичСского нСравСнства Π² странС, – индСксу Π”ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ статистики стран ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского сотрудничСства ΠΈ развития (ОЭБР), России ΠΈ стран-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдованиях ОЭБР. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° связь ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ образования ΠΈ индСкса Π”ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ особСнности этих связСй Π² России. Π’ частности, Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° взаимосвязь индСкса ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нСравСнства с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ образования насСлСния (значСния коэффициСнта Ρ€Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ коррСляции Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ -0,68 для уровня ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ срСднСго ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-тСхничСского образования Π΄ΠΎ 0,51 для уровня ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ срСднСго ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ образования), участиС насСлСния Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ (коэффициСнт коррСляции с ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ участия Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ – срСдним числом Π»Π΅Ρ‚ обучСния – составил -0,64), качСство образования (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ взаимосвязь с Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ школьников, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ грамотности Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ тСстировании Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, отраТСнная Π² коэффициСнтС коррСляции, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ 0,56), организация ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ коэффициСнт коррСляции с Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ класса, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ 0,61) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ финансирования образования (ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ коэффициСнты коррСляции для Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ срСднСго образования – -0,48, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования – -0,57). Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, связанныС с магистСрским ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ связь с ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ нСравСнством, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ‹ Π±Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм Π² ΠΈΡ… взаимосвязи с ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ нСравСнством, соотнСсСнии рассматриваСмых Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ странами. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-аналитичСской основы для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ дальнСйшСй ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² сфСрС образования с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²

    Assessment of the Need for Psychological Help for Cancer Patients and Their Close Relatives

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° потрСбности онкологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… родствСнников Π² психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ. На Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ распространСнности онкологичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ растСт число людСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ с критичСской ситуациСй онкозаболСвания ΠΈ связанными с Π½Π΅ΠΉ физичСскими, психологичСскими ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ трудностями. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-опроса ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ онкологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… родствСнников Π² психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ явно (Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ТСлания ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обращСния, нуТдаСмости Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ) Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ скрыто (Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ интСнсивных страхов, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² связи с болСзнью). Π’ исслСдовании участвовали онкологичСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ (N=73, 43 ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹) ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ родствСнники онкологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (N=426, 268 ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½) ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ 18 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. РСспондСнты ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° вопросы ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ…, пСрСТиваниях, страхах, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ… обращСния/ нСобращСния, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ…ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… установках. ВыявлСна Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, наблюдаСмая ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ явно, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ скрыто. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ косвСнноС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ эффСктивности психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ для сниТСния интСнсивности страхов: Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΊ психологу ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ страхов ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ обратился (p=0,006). Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ нСобращСния Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ основных Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π°: Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ возмоТности получСния ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ…ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ установки. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ нСобходимости ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСди уязвимых Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ срСди всСго насСлСния ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ со ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ установками, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΎ возмоТности ΠΈ ваТности получСния психологичСской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈThe paper addresses the issue of the need for psychological assistance for cancer patients and their close relatives. Considering an increase in the prevalence of cancer, we observe a growing number of people who are closely faced with a critical situation of cancer and the associated physical, psychological and social difficulties. The hypothesis was that these two groups have the need for psychological help, which can be expressed explicitly (in the form of a desire to get a referral, actual visiting the specialist, thoughts about getting help), or implicitly (in the form of intense fears, emotional distress caused by the disease). The study involved cancer patients (N=73, 43 women) and close relatives of cancer patients (N=426, 268 women) over 18 years old. The respondents answered the questions of the online questionnaire about problems, experiences, fears, the desire to get a referral and actual getting psychological help, the reasons for it, psycho-stigmatizing attitudes. A pronounced need for psychological help was revealed, observed both explicitly and implicitly. An indirect confirmation of the effectiveness of psychological assistance for reducing the intensity of fears was found: the group of those who consulted a psychologist had a lower level of fears as compared to those who did not (p=0,006). The reasons for not seeking help include three main barriers: lack of information about the possibility of receiving help, its inaccessibility, psycho-stigmatizing attitudes. The results indicate the need for outreach and awareness work among both vulnerable groups and the entire population, to combat stigmatizing attitudes, as well as to inform cancer patients and their relatives about the possibility and importance of receiving psychological hel
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