Synthetic Stellar Photometry - I. General considerations and new transformations for broad-band systems

After a pedagogical introduction to the main concepts of synthetic photometry, colours and bolometric corrections in the Johnson-Cousins, 2MASS, and HST-ACS/WFC3 photometric systems are generated from MARCS synthetic fluxes for various [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] combinations, and virtually any value of reddening E(B-V) < 0.7. The successes and failures of model fluxes in reproducing the observed magnitudes are highlighted. Overall, extant synthetic fluxes predict quite realistic broad-band colours and bolometric corrections, especially at optical and longer wavelengths: further improvements of the predictions for the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions await the use of hydrodynamic models where the microturbulent velocity is not treated as a free parameter. We show how the morphology of the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) changes for different values of [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe]; in particular, how suitable colour combinations can easily discriminate between red giant branch and lower main sequence populations with different [alpha/Fe], due to the concomitant loops and swings in the CMD. We also provide computer programs to produce tables of synthetic bolometric corrections as well as routines to interpolate in them. These colour-Teff-metallicity relations may be used to convert isochrones for different chemical compositions to various bandpasses assuming observed reddening values, thus bypassing the standard assumption of a constant colour excess for stars of different spectral type. We also show how such an assumption can lead to significant systematic errors. The MARCS transformations presented in this study promise to provide important constraints on our understanding of the multiple stellar populations found in globular clusters (e.g., the colours of lower main sequence stars are predicted to depend strongly on [alpha/Fe]) and of those located towards/in the Galactic bulge.Comment: MNRAS, accepted. Tables and programs to generate synthetic colours and bolometric corrections in various photometric systems and for different combination of E(B-V), [Fe/H], [alpha/Fe], Teff and logg available via CDS at http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/MNRAS/444/39

On the use of Gaia magnitudes and new tables of bolometric corrections

The availability of reliable bolometric corrections and reddening estimates, rather than the quality of parallaxes will be one of the main limiting factors in determining the luminosities of a large fraction of Gaia stars. With this goal in mind, we provide Gaia G, BP and RP synthetic photometry for the entire MARCS grid, and test the performance of our synthetic colours and bolometric corrections against space-borne absolute spectrophotometry. We find indication of a magnitude-dependent offset in Gaia DR2 G magnitudes, which must be taken into account in high accuracy investigations. Our interpolation routines are easily used to derive bolometric corrections at desired stellar parameters, and to explore the dependence of Gaia photometry on Teff, log(g), [Fe/H], alpha-enhancement and E(B-V). Gaia colours for the Sun and Vega, and Teff-dependent extinction coefficients, are also provided.Comment: MNRAS Letter. Solar colours: BP-G = 0.33, G-RP = 0.49, BP-RP = 0.82. Mean extinction coefficients at turn-off: R_G = 2.740 , R_BP = 3.374, R_RP = 2.035. Interpolation routines available at https://github.com/casaluca/bolometric-correction

Estimating Parasitism of Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs, \u3ci\u3eLeptinotarsa Decemlineata\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by \u3ci\u3eEdovum Puttleri\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

A computer simulation was used to evaluate methods for estimating parasitism of Colorado potato beetle egg mass populations by Edovum puttleri. The algorithm incorporated the specific attack behavior of E. puttleri, and a development time for parasitized egg masses of ca. 2.9 times that of healthy egg masses. Of the methods compared, a modification of Southwood\u27s graphical technique was found to be most accurate in relation to the true parasitism derived from the algorithm. A regression equation is presented to correct the error in this method at high levels of parasitism. A second simulation was used to test the accuracy of this correcter where in a jacknife procedure was used to generate a mean and variance for estimates of parasitism

Strongly-Driven One-Atom Laser and Decoherence Monitoring

We propose the implementation of a strongly-driven one-atom laser, based on the off-resonant interaction of a three-level atom in $\Lambda$-configuration with a single cavity mode and three laser fields. We show that the system can be described equivalently by a two-level atom resonantly coupled to the cavity and driven by a strong effective coherent field. The effective dynamics can be solved exactly, including a thermal field bath, allowing an analytical description of field statistics and entanglement properties. We also show the possible generation of Schr\"odinger cat states for the whole atom-field system and for the field alone after atomic measurement. We propose a way to monitor the system decoherence by measuring atomic population. Finally, we confirm the validity of our model through numerical solutions.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures Accepted in Phys. Rev.

Clusters and Groups of Galaxies in the Simulated Local Universe

We compare the properties of galaxy groups extracted from the Updated Zwicky Catalogue (UZC) with those of groups extracted from N-body simulations of the local Universe, in a LambdaCDM and a tauCDM cosmology. In the simulations, the initial conditions of the dark matter density field are set to reproduce the present time distribution of the galaxies within 80 Mpc/h from the Milky Way. These initial conditions minimize the uncertainty originated by cosmic variance, which has affected previous analyses of this small volume of the Universe. The simulations also model the evolution of the photometric properties of the galaxy population with semi-analytic prescriptions. The models yield a galaxy luminosity function sensibly different from that of the UZC and are unable to reproduce the distribution of groups and their luminosity content. The discrepancy between the model and the UZC reduces substantially, if we redistribute the luminosity among the galaxies in the simulation according to the UZC luminosity function while preserving the galaxy luminosity rank. The modified LambdaCDM model provides the best match to the UZC: the abundances of groups by harmonic radius, velocity dispersion, mass and luminosity are consistent with observations. We find that this model also reproduces the halo occupation number of groups and clusters. However, the large-scale distribution of groups is marginally consistent with the UZC and the redshift-space correlation function of galaxies on scales larger than 6 Mpc/h is still more than 3-sigma smaller than observed. We conclude that reproducing the properties of the observed groups certainly requires a more sophisticated treatment of galaxy formation, and possibly an improvement of the dark matter model.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Minor revisions according to referee's comments. Conclusions unchange