Are Transition Economy Workers Underpaid?

We examine the extent to which workers in transition and developed market economies are able to obtain wages that fully reflect their skills and labor force characteristics. We find that workers in two transition economies, the Czech Republic and Poland, are able to better attain the maximum wage available than are workers in a sample of developed market economies. This greater wage-setting efficiency in the transition economies appears to be more the result of social and demographic characteristics of the labor force than of the mechanisms for setting wages or of labor market policies.labor markets, wage inefficiency, job search, stochastic frontier, economic transition

CLINICAL-LABORATORY EVALUATION PROVISORY PASTE THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS

This article discusses the various aspects of bacterial contamination before and after treatment of chronic periodontitis and the choice of drug for the temporary investment of the root canal. As a result of the study revealed the presence of a bacterial pathogen in the root canal at the time of filling a permanent, that is a risk factor for apical periodontitis. Analysis of radiological and microbiological data for 24 months, lead to the conclusion that the paste for the temporary filling of root canal for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis of the components calcium hydroxide, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, metronidozol, mixed with 2% chlorhexidine solution bigluconate well tolerated It has no side effects and contraindications. The data obtained allow to recommend the proposed paste for effective treatment of destructive forms of chronic periodontitis

Clinical Justification for Preliminary Thermal Exposure to Composite in the Treatment of Caries: Randomized Clinical Trial

Background. Polymer composites have good aesthetic characteristics and pronounced physicochemical properties, as compared to traditional restorative materials such as amalgam. However, the polymerization reaction of composite material containing bismethacrylate group commonly used in clinical practice is always accompanied by a different degree of volumetric shrinkage (2.7%~7.1%). The resulting stress can lead to adhesion failure and some other unfavorable clinical consequences, such as enamel destruction, microcracking of composite material and formation of microleakage between composite and tooth cavity wall, which can result in recurrent caries and postoperative sensitivity, thereby affecting the long-term effect of restoration. Therefore, studying the effect of preheating on composite restoration is important for its clinical application. Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with dental caries by improving the physicochemical properties of composite restorations.Methods. A randomized clinical trial enrolled 180 patients aged 18 to 45 years, diagnosed with dentin caries class I, according to Black (K02.1 in ICD). The study was conducted in the Dental Clinic of Kuban State Medical University, Russia. 180 composite restorations were performed in the treatment of dentin caries of molars. Patients were randomized into 2 groups): the control group — 90 patients and the main group — 90 patients. The control and main groups, in turn, were divided into three subgroups, depending on the composite used — Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Japan), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (3M Espe, USA) and DentLight (VladMiVa, Russia). Each subgroup consisted of 30 patients. In the control group, the classical method of filling with a composite material at “room temperature” was applied. In the main group, a composite heating conditioner “Ena Heat” (Micerium, Italy) was used to heat the composite to 55 °C before adapting the material in the formed cavity with subsequent photopolymerization. The quality of composite restorations within the clinical study was evaluated using the modified Ryge criterion immediately after treatment and after 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by means of one-factor analysis of variance using the GraphPadPrism 9 program (GraphPad Software, USA).Results. The duration of the clinical study comprised 24 months. The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in the quality of marginal fit of composite restorations (according to the Ryge score) by 20.1% (p = 0.0001) in the control group and by 5.7% (p = 0.0328) in the main group.  At the same time, no statistically significant changes in Ryge scores were reported in the subgroups of composite materials of the main group (pF = 0.9480, pE = 0.1837, pD = 0.2529). As a result of the study, an optimal time algorithm (7 seconds) for using a special furnace for preheating the composite before sealing with subsequent photopolymerization was obtained.Conclusion. The study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of the proposed algorithm for working with a heated composite on the quality of marginal fit in the long term after treatment in comparison with the classical method of working with a composite at “room temperature”

MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF APPLICATION OF THE DEVELOPED STOMATOLOGIC MEDICAL PREPARATION BY THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF TREATINMENT OF THE PULPITIS

Aim. This study was designed for the morphological assessment of the state of tooth pulp tissues after simulated acute 29 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) trauma under the influence of the developed dental treatment pad and three analogues in the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis.Materials and methods. In the course of the experiment the study was conducted on white laboratory rats. The cavities on the molar chewing surface of the upper jaw were formed by spherical burs. The experimentally formed lesions of the surface layer of the pulp were treated using the developed dental preparation and three analogues. Laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 3, 7 and 30. Animal teeth were put in a 10% neutral formalin solution, decalcified for 3 days and then put into a mounting medium. The slices obtained had a thickness of 5-15 μm.Results. In the course of the experimental study we detected the activation of reactive and compensatory processes in the tooth pulp tissue with the preservation of its viability by using the developed dental therapeutic preparation and the Biodentin as a comparison preparation on the 30th day of the experiment. Histologically, these changes were expressed in an increase in the level of metabolic processes and in the activation of cellular elements of the tooth pulp tissue on the 30th day of the experiment.Conclusion. As a result of an experimental study of the developed dental therapeutic preparation for the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis, there was established a specific and multifunctional property in preventing and prophylaxis of the inflammation development and enhancing the protective properties of the pulp tissue under the influence of this preparation.Morphological evaluation of the application of the developed dental treatment pad showed a rapid arrest of the inflammatory response of the pulp tissue within 30 days and the normalization of the main components of the tooth pulp.Developed during the conducted experimental research dental therapeutic preparation confirmed its stated properties, in particular, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, moreover, it is not inferior in its properties to the drugs presented in the course of the experimental study

Universality of finite-size corrections to the number of critical percolation clusters

Monte-Carlo simulations on a variety of 2d percolating systems at criticality suggest that the excess number of clusters in finite systems over the bulk value of nc is a universal quantity, dependent upon the system shape but independent of the lattice and percolation type. Values of nc are found to high accuracy, and for bond percolation confirm the theoretical predictions of Temperley and Lieb, and Baxter, Temperley, and Ashley, which we have evaluated explicitly in terms of simple algebraic numbers. Predictions for the fluctuations are also verified for the first time.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figs., Latex, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Composite bond strength improvement with thermal vibration: an experimental non-randomised study

Background. Secondary caries formation is a relevant issue due to poor long-term quality of composite fillings, with inherent subsequent chipping and cracking of the material. We developed a method to improve physical, mechanical and chemical properties of available composites based on thermal vibration imposed on unpolymerised composite in the formed tooth cavity directly prior to polymerisation.Objectives. Effect assessment of thermal vibration exposure on bond strength in composite restorative polymer matrix in various composite brands.Methods. The study used synchronous thermal analysis, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, to estimate and register thermal effects of physical and chemical processes within a temperature programme, as well as determine gaseous release, air contact and decomposition-related sample mass variation, thermal stability, reaction kinetics, polymer and inorganic filler component chemical composition, humidity and softening degree. The study covered 90 specimens 30 mg each prepared of three different composites.Results. Synchronous thermal analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in polymer matrix bond strength in the composites Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (3M Espe) and DentLight (VladMiVa) after thermal vibration exposure vs. classical polymerisation of same composites (p < 0.0001). The bond strength increased by 17.00, 22.51 and 11.31%, respectively.Conclusion. The developed exposure method for altering the composite filling physical and chemical properties has been shown advantageous in a laboratory setting. Thermal vibration-pretreated composite fillings had a higher polymer matrix bond strength vs. same composites polymerised under standard conditions.The pretreatment improves composite filling quality via directly affecting the material physical and mechanical properties of hardness and bending strength

Choice of method of diagnosis hypogonadism in obesity and metabolic syndrome in men

Nowadays, obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered as symptoms of male hypogonadism, which underlines the need for hormonal screening in these patients. However, remain unsolved some questions of laboratory diagnostics testosterone deficiency. In particular, there are contradictions in the choice of research method of free testosterone. The objectives of our work was to conduct a comparative evaluation of methods for studying androgen status of young and middle-aged men with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and determining the relationship between hormonal indicators and metabolic profile, blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics of obesity. The study included 51 patients with symptoms of obesity and metabolic syndrome, aged from 20 to 50 years, the control group consisted of 19 equal-age men with normal body weight. A significant decrease in total testosterone in men with metabolic syndrome was revealed. The dependence of the concentration of total testosterone with age and content sex-steroid-binding globulin was found. The role of free testosterone in the formation of the metabolic syndrome was shown. It was found that free saliva testosterone significantly correlated with the level of calculated serum free testosterone. In patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome there are a statistically significant increase in saliva testosterone indicators compared to calculated serum free testosterone, while at normal body weight differences are absent. It is concluded that saliva testosterone is more sensitive and appropriate marker for obesity and metabolic syndrome

Matrix model eigenvalue integrals and twist fields in the su(2)-WZW model

We propose a formula for the eigenvalue integral of the hermitian one matrix model with infinite well potential in terms of dressed twist fields of the su(2) level one WZW model. The expression holds for arbitrary matrix size n, and provides a suggestive interpretation for the monodromy properties of the matrix model correlators at finite n, as well as in the 1/n-expansion.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2: typos corrected, reference added, version to be published in JHE

A Gauge-Gravity Relation in the One-loop Effective Action

We identify an unusual new gauge-gravity relation: the one-loop effective action for a massive spinor in 2n dimensional AdS space is expressed in terms of precisely the same function [a certain multiple gamma function] as the one-loop effective action for a massive charged scalar in 4n dimensions in a maximally symmetric background electromagnetic field [one for which the eigenvalues of F_{\mu\nu} are maximally degenerate, corresponding in 4 dimensions to a self-dual field, equivalently to a field of definite helicity], subject to the identification F^2 \Lambda, where \Lambda is the gravitational curvature. Since these effective actions generate the low energy limit of all one-loop multi-leg graviton or gauge amplitudes, this implies a nontrivial gauge-gravity relation at the non-perturbative level and at the amplitude level.Comment: 6 page

Структура и функции ароматазы и ее нестероидные ингибиторы

The analysis of the structure and function of aromatase (SYP19) - enzyme from the family of cytochrome P-450 that catalyzes the aromatization of six-membered ring A of the steroidal skeleton, namely transformation of androgens into estrogens peripheral and tumor tissues in the body, has been performed, and data in its non-steroidal inhibitors have been summarized.Проведен анализ структуры и функции ароматазы (СYP19) - фермента семейства цитохромов Р-450, кодируемого расположенным на коротком плече 15-й хромосомы (локус 15q21) геном CYP19A1, катализирующего ароматизацию шестичленного цикла А стероидного скелета и обуславливающего метаболизм стероидных гормонов, а именно трансформацию андрогенов в эстрогены периферическими и опухолевыми тканями организма. Обобщены данные по ее нестероидным ингибиторам. Обсуждены особенности первичной и пространственной структуры СYP19, обуславливающие взаимодействие с мембраной клетки и субстратом, обеспечивающие транспорт последнего между липидным бислоем мембраны и активным центром фермента. Показано, что наиболее эффективными ингибиторами СYP19 в настоящее время являются соединения, содержащие в составе молекулы азольные и азиновые гетероциклические фрагменты