96,914 research outputs found
Resolving the virial discrepancy in clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics
A sample of 197 X-ray emitting clusters of galaxies is considered in the
context of Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). It is shown that the
gas mass, extrapolated via an assumed model to a fixed radius of 3 Mpc,
is correlated with the gas temperature as predicted by MOND (). The observed temperatures are generally consistent with the inferred
mass of hot gas; no substantial quantity of additional unseen matter is
required in the context of MOND. However, modified dynamics cannot resolve the
strong lensing discrepancy in those clusters where this phenomenon occurs. The
prediction is that additional baryonic matter may be detected in the central
regions of rich clusters.Comment: Submitted to A&A, 4 pages, 3 figures, A&A macro
Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security: Integrated Approaches to Addressing Multiple Challenges in the Coral Triangle
The Coral Triangle is the most biologically and economically valuable marine ecosystem on the planet. Covering just three percent of the globe, the region represents more than half of the world's reefs and boasts 76 percent of its known coral species. Sustaining more than 130 million people who rely directly on the marine ecosystems for their livelihoods and food, the marine habitats of the Coral Triangle contribute billions of dollars each year toward the economies of the region.Although the environmental imperative for preserving this area of incredible value and biodiversity is obvious, the growing pressures and threats from widespread poverty, rapid development, and global demands continue to place enormous strain on the natural marine resources of the Coral Triangle
Competition Between Stripes and Pairing in a t-t'-J Model
As the number of legs n of an n-leg, t-J ladder increases, density matrix
renormalization group calculations have shown that the doped state tends to be
characterized by a static array of domain walls and that pairing correlations
are suppressed. Here we present results for a t-t'-J model in which a diagonal,
single particle, next-near-neighbor hopping t' is introduced. We find that this
can suppress the formation of stripes and, for t' positive, enhance the
d_{x^2-y^2}-like pairing correlations. The effect of t' > 0 is to cause the
stripes to evaporate into pairs and for t' < 0 to evaporate into
quasi-particles. Results for n=4 and 6-leg ladders are discussed.Comment: Four pages, four encapsulated figure
A numerical canonical transformation approach to quantum many body problems
We present a new approach for numerical solutions of ab initio quantum
chemistry systems. The main idea of the approach, which we call canonical
diagonalization, is to diagonalize directly the second quantized Hamiltonian by
a sequence of numerical canonical transformations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 encapsulated figures. Parts of the paper are
substantially revised to refer to previous similar method
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The area around the Orion Nebula observed in the CO (J = 1- 0) transition
An area 1 deg2 around the Orion Nebula has been surveyed with a 2.6 km s-1 wide single-channel receiver. The map shows considerable structure in the east including a bright spot 24' (2.8 pc) from the main CO peak
Use of implicit graph for recommending relevant videos: a simulated evaluation
In this paper, we propose a model for exploiting community based usage information for video retrieval. Implicit usage information from a pool of past users could be a valuable source to address the difficulties caused due to the semantic gap problem. We propose a graph-based implicit feedback model in which all the usage information can be represented. A number of recommendation algorithms were suggested and experimented. A simulated user evaluation is conducted on the TREC VID collection and the results are presented. Analyzing the results we found some common characteristics on the best performing algorithms, which could indicate the best way of exploiting this type of usage information
The Modernization of Legal Lists
Worldwide, fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths are important problems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the cirumstances of fatal and non-fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths in Sweden including analysis of the presence of alcohol and drugs, which are considered to be major risk factors for these events. Data where obtained from the database of National Board of Forensic Medicine. In the first study, we investigated 420 passenger deaths from 372 crashes during 1993-1996. There were 594 drivers involved. In total, 21% of the drivers at fault were alcohol positive compared to 2% of drivers not at fault (p<0.001) (Paper I). During 2004-2007, crashes involving 56 fatally and 144 non-fatally injured drivers were investigated in a prospective study from Northern Sweden (Paper II). The drivers were alcohol positive in 38% and 21%, respectively. Psychoactive drugs were found in 7% and 13%, respectively. Benzodiazepines, opiates and antidepressants were the most frequent drugs found in drivers. Illict drugs were found 9% and 4% respectively, with tetrahydrocannabinol being the most frequent of these drugs (Paper II). We investigated 5,125 drowning deaths in Sweden during 1992-2009 (Paper III). The incidence decreased on average by about 2% each year (p<0.001). Unintentional drowning was most common (50%). Alcohol was found in 44% of unintentional, 24% of intentional, and 45% of undetermined drowning deaths. Psychoactive substances were detected in 40% and benzodiazepines were the most common substance. Illicit drugs were detected in 10%. Of all drowning deaths, a significantly higher proportion females commited suicide compared with males (55% vs. 21%, p<0.001). Suicidal drowning deaths (n=129) in Northern Sweden were studied further in detail (Paper IV). of these, 53% had been hospitalized due to a psychiatric diagnosis within five years prior to the suicide. Affective and psychotic disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. Almost one third had performed a previous suicide attempt. One fourth had committed suicide after less than one week of discharge from hospital. Alochol was found in 16% and psychoactive drugs in 62% of these cases, respectively. In conclusion, alcohol and psychoactive drugs are commonly detected among injured drivers and drowning victims, and probably play a role in these events. Most of the individuals that tested positive for alcohol and high blood concentrations, indicating alochol dependence or abuse. This association warrants futher attention when planning future prevention.
A Two-dimensional Infinte System Density Matrix Renormalization Group Algorithm
It has proved difficult to extend the density matrix renormalization group
technique to large two-dimensional systems. In this Communication I present a
novel approach where the calculation is done directly in two dimensions. This
makes it possible to use an infinite system method, and for the first time the
fixed point in two dimensions is studied. By analyzing several related blocking
schemes I find that there exists an algorithm for which the local energy
decreases monotonically as the system size increases, thereby showing the
potential feasibility of this method.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
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