Human Deprivation Index: A Measure of Multidimensional Poverty

Poverty is multidimensional in nature. Poverty is associated not only with insufficient income or consumption but also with insufficient outcomes with respect to health, nutrition, and literacy and deficient social relations, insecurity, and low self-esteem and powerlessness. Since poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, measurement of poverty must cover many dimensions. So far, the income and/or consumption indicator has received most attention. But, now the focus is shifted towards deprivation in different dimensions for example income, health and education. The human development and human deprivation studies have opened new perspectives on measuring and analysing poverty and development with the help of multidimensional concept. The present study, in this context will serve to enrich useful knowledge about human deprivation which analysis the poverty multi dimensionally.Human Deprivation; Poverty; Multi dimension; Health; Infant Mortality; Education; Illiteracy; India

Poverty and Health in India: A Comparative Study about Pre-Reform and Post-Reform Periods

In India, Economic Reforms has been explicitly started in 1991. Even with some controversy in the initial period now it intruded in almost all the sectors. At present days economic reforms is mingled with every sphere of economic activities. But the effects of economic reforms are highly debatable.Social sector is an important ingredient for over all development of a country. Development of social sector reveals the standard of living of people as well as the volume and potential of human resource in a country. Hence the analysis of economic reforms and its impact on social sector is imperative. This paper analysis poverty and health status during pre-reforms and post-reforms periods and compare them to find out that during which period the decrease in poverty and the increase in health status are better. For the analysis of poverty, people living below poverty line and for health status analysis life expectancy at birth and infant mortality are used in this study.Economic Reforms, Social Sector, Poverty, Health, Below Poverty Line, Life Expectancy at Birth, Infant Mortality Rate, India.

Poverty Underestimation in Rural India- A Critique

When ever the Planning Commission of India releases the poverty data, that data is being criticised by experts and economists. The main criticism is underestimation of poverty especially in rural India by the Planning Commission. This paper focuses on that criticism and compares the Indian Planning Commission’s 2004-05 rural poverty data with the India’s 2400 kcal poverty norms, World Bank’s US $1.08 poverty concept and Asian Development Bank’s US$1.35 poverty concept.Poverty, Rural India, Underestimation, Poverty Line, Dollar-a-day Poverty Concept, Asian Poverty Line

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design and achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents' respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since vehicle movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for vehicles. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs

ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC EVALUATIONS OF NEW ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objective: To evaluate the isoquinoline (N-substituted (E)-4-arylidene-isoquinoline-1,3-dione) derivatives (5a-h) for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity potentials in animal models using indomethacin and diclofenac sodium as the standard.Methods: Peripheral and central analgesic activities were determined by induced writhing and tail immersion tests. Carrageenan stimulated rat paw edema model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities by examining the increase in paw volume and percentage inhibition of paw volume was calculated with plethysmometer at different time periods. Brewer's yeast induced pyresis model was used to assessing the anti-pyretic activity by measuring the decreased rectal temperature.Results: Compounds 5g>5d>5h showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities and they were significant with p<0.001 and comparable with the control group. The results coincided with our previous report which suggests that the compounds 5g>5d>5h may take into further druggability evaluations.Conclusion: New isoquinoline derivatives produced significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities and this suggests that these derivatives need further drug development evaluations especially for the compounds 5g>5d>5h.Keywords: N-substituted (E)-4-arylidene-isoquinoline-1,3-dione, Carrageenan, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Diclofenac sodium, Antipyretic, Indomethaci

Dense clustered multi-channel wireless sensor cloud

Dense Wireless Sensor Network Clouds have an inherent issue of latency and packet drops with regards to data collection. Though there is extensive literature that tries to address these issues through either scheduling, channel contention or a combination of the two, the problem still largely exists. In this paper, a Clustered Multi-Channel Scheduling Protocol (CMSP) is designed that creates a Voronoi partition of a dense network. Each partition is assigned a channel, and a scheduling scheme is adopted to collect data within the Voronoi partitions. This scheme collects data from the partitions concurrently and then passes it to the base station. CMSP is compared using simulation with other multi-channel protocols like Tree-based Multi-Channel, Multi-Channel MAC and Multi-frequency Media Access Control for wireless sensor networks. Results indicate CMSP has higher throughput and data delivery ratio at a lower power consumption due to network partitioning and hierarchical scheduling that minimizes load on the network

Recommendation Systems: Decision Support for the Information Economy

Information Systems Working Papers Serie