13,472 research outputs found
Quantum magnetism with ultracold molecules
This article gives an introduction to the realization of effective quantum
magnetism with ultracold molecules in an optical lattice, reviews experimental
and theoretical progress, and highlights future opportunities opened up by
ongoing experiments. Ultracold molecules offer capabilities that are otherwise
difficult or impossible to achieve in other effective spin systems, such as
long-ranged spin-spin interactions with controllable degrees of spatial and
spin anisotropy and favorable energy scales. Realizing quantum magnetism with
ultracold molecules provides access to rich many-body behaviors, including many
exotic phases of matter and interesting excitations and dynamics.
Far-from-equilibrium dynamics plays a key role in our exposition, just as it
did in recent ultracold molecule experiments realizing effective quantum
magnetism. In particular, we show that dynamical probes allow the observation
of correlated many-body spin physics, even in polar molecule gases that are not
quantum degenerate. After describing how quantum magnetism arises in ultracold
molecules and discussing recent observations of quantum magnetism with polar
molecules, we survey prospects for the future, ranging from immediate goals to
long-term visions.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Review articl
Nonequilibrium dynamics of spin-boson models from phase space methods
An accurate description of the nonequilibrium dynamics of systems with
coupled spin and bosonic degrees of freedom remains theoretically challenging,
especially for large system sizes and in higher than one dimension. Phase space
methods such as the Truncated Wigner Approximation (TWA) have the advantage of
being easily scalable and applicable to arbitrary dimensions. In this work we
adapt the TWA to generic spin-boson models by making use of recently developed
algorithms for discrete phase spaces [Schachenmayer, PRX 5, 011022 (2015)].
Furthermore we go beyond the standard TWA approximation by applying a scheme
based on the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy of equations
[Pucci, PRB 93, 174302 (2016)] to our coupled spin-boson model. This allows in
principle to study how systematically adding higher order corrections improves
the convergence of the method. To test various levels of approximation we study
an exactly solvable spin-boson model which is particularly relevant for
trapped-ion arrays. Using TWA and its BBGKY extension we accurately reproduce
the time evolution of a number of one- and two-point correlation functions in
several dimensions and for arbitrary number of bosonic modes.Comment: 10+5 pages, 5 figure
Structural characterization of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/Y(2)O(3) composite films
Using 4-circle x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy we have
studied the microstructure and in-plane orientation of the phases present in
thin film composite mixtures of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) and Y(2)O(3). We see a high
degree of in-plane orientation and have verified a previous prediction for the
in-plane order of Y(2)BaCuO(5) on (110) MgO. Transmission electron microscopy
shows the composite films to be a mixture of two phases, with YBCO grain sizes
of 1 micron. We have also compared our observations of the in-plane order to
the predictions of a modified near coincidence site lattice model.Comment: To be published in Journal of Materials Research, (4 pages, 4 jpeg
figures
Explaining the fuel protests
We describe and analyse the fuel protests in the UK in September and November 2000. We draw on theories of social movements to explain the success of the first of these protests and the failure of the second. We show how the loose, network forms of organisation contributed to the success in September, and the attempts to impose more formal organisations helped to cause the failure in November. We also show how the success of the protests depended on the articulation of the aims of the protestors with dominant social forces in British politics, in particular the oil companies, the police, and the mass media
Automated weld torch guidance control system
A device for automatically controlling the movement of a welding torch while welding an elongated joint is described. A charge injection television camera is carried on a movable support. The camera includes a matrix of individual light sensing video elements which generate voltages responsive to light reflected off of the joint and surrounding areas of the work piece. The voltages produced by the pixels are converted to digital words which are fed to a microprocessor for generating an error signal. This error signal is fed to a digital motor which is used to drive a movable support upon which the television camera is carried
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