5,536 research outputs found
Quantum State Discrimination with General Figures of Merit
We solve the problem of quantum state discrimination with "general
(symmetric) figures of merit" for an even number of symmetric quantum bits with
use of the no-signaling principle. It turns out that conditional probability
has the same form for any figure of merit. Optimal measurement and
corresponding conditional probability are the same for any monotonous figure of
merit.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Helstrom Theorem by No-Signaling Condition
We prove a special case of Helstrom theorem by using no-signaling condition
in the special theory of relativity that faster-than-light communication is
impossible.Comment: Minor corrections (A reference added, discussion part deleted, typos
in equations corrected), 2 pages, RevTe
Ejection of Double knots from the radio core of PKS 1510--089 during the strong gamma-ray flares in 2015
PKS 1510--089 is a bright and active -ray source that showed strong
and complex -ray flares in mid-2015 during which the Major Atmospheric
Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes detected variable very high energy (VHE;
photon energies 100 GeV) emission. We present long-term multi-frequency
radio, optical, and -ray light curves of PKS 1510--089 from 2013 to
2018, and results of an analysis of the jet kinematics and linear polarization
using 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array data observed between late 2015 and
mid-2017. We find that a strong radio flare trails the -ray flares in
2015, showing an optically thick spectrum at the beginning and becoming
optically thin over time. Two laterally separated knots of emission are
observed to emerge from the radio core nearly simultaneously during the
-ray flares. We detect an edge-brightened linear polarization near the
core in the active jet state in 2016, similar to the quiescent jet state in
2008--2013. These observations indicate that the -ray flares may
originate from compression of the knots by a standing shock in the core and the
jet might consist of multiple complex layers showing time-dependent behavior,
rather than of a simple structure of a fast jet spine and a slow jet sheath.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, To appear in Ap
Optimal Quantum State Estimation with Use of the No-Signaling Principle
A simple derivation of the optimal state estimation of a quantum bit was
obtained by using the no-signaling principle. In particular, the no-signaling
principle determines a unique form of the guessing probability independently of
figures of merit, such as the fidelity or information gain. This proves that
the optimal estimation for a quantum bit can be achieved by the same
measurement for almost all figures of merit.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur
The role of phosphodiesterase 3 in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury
Background: Acute kidney injury frequently accompanies sepsis. Endotoxin is known to reduce tissue levels of cAMP and low levels of cAMP have been associated with renal injury. We, therefore, hypothesized that endotoxin induced renal injury by activating phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) which metabolizes cAMP and that amrinone an inhibitor of PDE3 would prevent the renal injury.
Methods: Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7/group): 1) Control (0.9% NaCl infusion
without LPS); 2) LPS (0.9% NaCl infusion with LPS); 3) Amrinone+LPS (Amrinone infusion with LPS). Either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle was injected via the jugular vein and the rats followed for 3 hours. We explored the expression of PDE3 isoenzymes and the concentrations of cAMP in the tissue.
Results: The PDE3B gene but not PDE3A was upregulated in the kidney of LPS group. Immunohistochemistry also showed that PDE3B was expressed in the distal tubule in the controls and LPS caused PDE3B expression in the proximal as well. However, PDE3A was not expressed in the kidney either in the control or LPS treated groups. Tissue level of cAMP was decreased after LPS and was associated with an increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ultrastructural proximal tubular changes, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the endotoxemic kidney. In septic animals the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, amrinone, preserved the tissue cAMP level, renal structural changes, and attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iNOS expression in the kidney.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a significant role for PDE3B as an important mediator of LPS-induced
acute kidney injury
Production of the charged Higgs bosons at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in the left-right symmetric model
We study the production of the charged Higgs boson at the LHC in the
left-right symmetric model. It is shown that there exists a lower bound of the
cross section. We investigate that predicted cross sections of this model are
generally larger than those of the two Higgs doublet model or the minimal
supersymmetric model.Comment: The version which will appear in PRD. References are adde
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JNK activation is responsible for mucus overproduction in smoke inhalation injury
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increased mucus secretion is one of the important characteristics of the response to smoke inhalation injuries. We hypothesized that gel-forming mucins may contribute to the increased mucus production in a smoke inhalation injury. We investigated the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in modulating smoke-induced mucus secretion.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We intubated mice and exposed them to smoke from burning cotton for 15 min. Their lungs were then isolated 4 and 24 h after inhalation injury. Three groups of mice were subjected to the smoke inhalation injury: (1) wild-type (WT) mice, (2) mice lacking JNK1 (JNK1-/- mice), and (3) WT mice administered a JNK inhibitor. The JNK inhibitor (SP-600125) was injected into the mice 1 h after injury.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Smoke exposure caused an increase in the production of mucus in the airway epithelium of the mice along with an increase in MUC5AC gene and protein expression, while the expression of MUC5B was not increased compared with control. We found increased MUC5AC protein expression in the airway epithelium of the WT mice groups both 4 and 24 h after smoke inhalation injury. However, overproduction of mucus and increased MUC5AC protein expression induced by smoke inhalation was suppressed in the JNK inhibitor-treated mice and the JNK1 knockout mice. Smoke exposure did not alter the expression of MUC1 and MUC4 proteins in all 3 groups compared with control.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>An increase in epithelial MUC5AC protein expression is associated with the overproduction of mucus in smoke inhalation injury, and that its expression is related on JNK1 signaling.</p
Synchronization of Chaotic Oscillators due to Common Delay Time Modulation
We have found a synchronization behavior between two identical chaotic
systems^M when their delay times are modulated by a common irregular signal. ^M
This phenomenon is demonstrated both in two identical chaotic maps whose
delay times are driven by a common^M chaotic or random signal and in two
identical chaotic oscillators whose delay times are driven by^M a signal of
another chaotic oscillator. We analyze the phenomenon by using^M the Lyapunov
exponents and discuss it in relation with generalized synchronization.^MComment: 5 pages, 4 figures (to be published in PRE
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