38 research outputs found
Improving Charge Separation in Cu<sub>2</sub>O/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CoS Photocathodes by a Z-Scheme Heterojunction to Achieve Enhanced Performance and Photostability
Seelsorge in einer sich ver盲ndernden polnischen Gesellschaft
polska wersja artyku艂u opublikowanego po niemieckuProwadzone od wiek贸w przez zakony, stowarzyszenia i fundacje chrze艣cija艅skie szpitale, domy pomocy, o艣rodki Caritasu i ochronki zosta艂y znacjonalizowane w Polsce i Europie Wschodniej po 1945 roku. Jednocze艣nie z oddaleniem zwi膮zk贸w wyznaniowych od opieki medycznej i pomocy spo艂ecznej mala艂 presti偶 zawod贸w medycznych i pomocowych oraz marksistowska ideologizacja 艣rodowiska. Op贸r integrowa艂 w Polsce te 艣rodowiska e z Ko艣cio艂em katolickim, przypominaj膮cymi o etyce chrze艣cija艅skiej i deontologii opartej na chrze艣cija艅skim personalizmie. Solidarno艣膰 S艂u偶by Zdrowia i postulaty dotycz膮ce powrotu do etyki zawod贸w medycznych oraz przywr贸cenia funkcji kapelan贸w szpitali i instytucji pomocy spo艂ecznej znalaz艂y si臋 w Rozporz膮dzeniu Ministra Zdrowia z 1981 roku. Do 1989 roku w Polsce obszarem, w kt贸rym na styku ochrony zdrowia, pomocy spo艂ecznej, wolontariatu i zwi膮zk贸w wyznaniowych, rozwija艂a si臋 opieka duchowo-religijna, by艂y wolontaryjne zespo艂y domowej opieki hospicyjnej. Ich przyk艂ad pom贸g艂 w procesie odbudowy opieki duchowo-religijnej w ochronie zdrowia i pomocy spo艂ecznej, a tak偶e w nowych inicjatywach zespo艂owej opieki duszpasterskiej. Wsp贸艂czesne polskie spo艂ecze艅stwo jest jednym z najbardziej religijnych w Europie, a dominuj膮c膮 religi膮 jest katolicyzm. Wobec zmian spo艂ecznych i kulturowych wa偶na jest wra偶liwo艣膰 wobec zmieniaj膮cych si臋 potrzeb duchowo-religijnych i r贸偶ny stopie艅 przynale偶no艣ci pacjent贸w do wsp贸lnot wiary. 艢widomo艣膰 r贸偶norodno艣ci wyznaniowej i kulturowej, rozr贸偶nienie potrzeb duchowych, uznawanych za jedn膮 z powszechnych potrzeb ka偶dej osoby, od potrzeb religijnych, zwi膮zanych z przynale偶no艣ci膮 do danej wsp贸lnoty wiary jest wyzwaniem w pastoralnej opiece w warunkach instytucjonalnych i domowych.Charitable institutions, carried out for centuries by religious orders, associations and foundations Christian hospitals, nursing homes, Caritas centers were nationalized in Poland and Eastern Europe after 1945. Simultaneously with the remoteness of religious associations of medical care and social assistance diminish the prestige of the medical profession and Marxist ideologisation of caring environment. Resistance integrated those careers in Poland with the Catholic Church, reminiscent of Christian ethics and professional conduct based on Christian personalism. Solidarity demanded return to ethics of the medical profession and to restore the chaplains of hospitals and social assistance institutions. It was included in the Regulation of the Minister of Health in 1981. Until 1989 in Poland, an area in which to contact the health, social welfare, voluntary and religious organizations, developed health spiritual-religious, volunteer teams were home hospice care. Their example helped in the reconstruction process of spiritual and religious care in health care and social assistance, as well as new initiatives in the pastoral care teams. The contemporary Polish society is one of the most religious in Europe, and the dominant religion is Catholicism. To change the social and cultural importance of sensitivity to the changing needs of the spiritual-religious and different degree of membership subjects to the faith communities. Awareness of diversity of religious and cultural distinction spiritual needs, recognized as one of the common needs of each person, from religious needs, relating to participation in the faith community is a challenge in pastoral care in institutional settings and home care
Physical activity patterns in third trimester of pregnancy - use of pregnancy physical activity questionnaire in Poland
Introduction. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are less common among physically active women, and children born to such mothers are less likely to be at risk for macrosomia, obesity and metabolic diseases in the future.
Objectives. The aims of the study were to establish physical activity (PA) patterns among pregnant women in the third trimester, and to determine the attitudes of prenatal care providers to maternal PA during pregnancy.
Materials and method. The study was conducted in 2017 using surveys from the Polish Pregnancy-related Assessment Monitoring System program (Pol-PrAMS). The study included 3,451 postpartum women. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to investigate their PA. This part of Pol-PrAMS study was completed by 2,744 postpartum women who were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results. Sedentary or light physical activity comprised 75% of the overall PA in the third trimester of pregnancy (mean values of energy expenditure: 67 and 93.3 MET-h/week, respectively). Household or caregiving activities accounted for almost 50% of all activities and were the most common PA types (mean energy expenditure: 105 MET-h/week). Restriction
of PA in pregnancy was reported by over 60% of the women, most often due to concerns over proper foetal development.
Over 85% of prenatal care providers either did not address the issue of PA with the future mothers at all, or recommended PA restriction.
Conclusions. Sedentary and light-intensity PA are the two predominant types of physical activity in the third trimester.
The most energy-consuming tasks involve household and caregiving activities. Restriction of activity was reported by the majority of the respondents. Prenatal care providers either did not address the matter of PA in pregnancy or recommended PA restriction
Evaluation of the uncertainty of coordinate measurements based on the formula for EL,MPE
The methodology of evaluating the uncertainty of coordinate measurements,
developed at ATH (University of Bielsko-Bia艂a) and verified within the EUCoM
project, is presented, in which the only information about the accuracy of the
CMM used is the formula for EL,MPE. The measurement models used for
individual characteristics are derived from distance point-point, point-straight
line, point-plane and straight line-straight line formulae. Information about the
shape and dimensions of the measured workpiece is in the form of the minimum
number of appropriately distributed points needed to define individual
characteristics. The measurement model is a formula expressing the measured
characteristics as a function of the differences in the coordinates of the
characteristic points. The GUM uncertainty framework is used to propagate
individual uncertainty components. Two models and example uncertainty
budget is presented
Tobacco smoking in countries of the European Union.
Background: Existing smoking prevalence comparisons between the 'old' and 'new' members of the European Union (EU) give a misleading picture because of differences in methodology. A major EU project designed to find ways of closing the health gap between the member states, included the first ever comparison of smoking prevalence between these countries using a methodology that minimises potential biases.
Methods: A detailed analysis of methods and data from the most recent nationwide studies was conducted in the adult population of 27 countries of the European Union and Russia as an external comparator. To maximise comparability, daily smoking in the age range 20-64 was used. Prevalence of current daily smoking, former smoking and never smoking were age-standardised and calculated separately for males and females.
Findings: The European map of smoking prevalence shows that male smoking prevalence is much higher in the new than the old members of the EU, whereas in females the reverse is true, but there are also very large differences in smoking rates between particular countries within the same region. Sweden clearly has the lowest prevalence, and the prevalence in the United Kingdom (UK) at the time of the surveys emerges as near the average for old-Europe but higher than, for example, Ireland.
Interpretation: Restricting the analysis to daily smokers aged 20-64 produces a map of Europe in which variation in prevalence between individual countries within regions is as important as variation across regions. Survey methods need to be harmonised across countries to enable comparisons involving all ages and non-daily as well as daily smokers