Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 7. Synthesis of biologicallyactive pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles from acetylenic acids and2-aminobenzothiazoles

Conjugate addition of the imino nitrogen of 2-aminobenzothiazoles 1 to the alkyne β-carbon atom of acetylenic acids 2 followed by ring closure gives rise to novel 2H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzothiazol-2-ones in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 6. The formation of novelbiologically active pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimid-azoles from electron deficientalkynes and 2-aminobenzimidazoles

2-Aminobenzimidazole (1a) and its 5,6-dimethyl derivative 1b react with phenylpropynenitrile (2) to give 2-amino-4-phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 8a,b in excellent yields. Of these compounds, 2-amino-7,8-dimethyl-4- phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (8b) has been shown to possess diuretic properties. Acetylenic aldehydes 9a,b also react with 1a,b to give pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 13a-13d in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 7. Synthesis of biologicallyactive pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles from acetylenic acids and2-aminobenzothiazoles

Conjugate addition of the imino nitrogen of 2-aminobenzothiazoles 1 to the alkyne β-carbon atom of acetylenic acids 2 followed by ring closure gives rise to novel 2H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzothiazol-2-ones in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 7. Synthesis of biologicallyactive pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles from acetylenic acids and2-aminobenzothiazoles

Conjugate addition of the imino nitrogen of 2-aminobenzothiazoles 1 to the alkyne β-carbon atom of acetylenic acids 2 followed by ring closure gives rise to novel 2H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzothiazol-2-ones in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 6. The formation of novelbiologically active pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimid-azoles from electron deficientalkynes and 2-aminobenzimidazoles

2-Aminobenzimidazole (1a) and its 5,6-dimethyl derivative 1b react with phenylpropynenitrile (2) to give 2-amino-4-phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 8a,b in excellent yields. Of these compounds, 2-amino-7,8-dimethyl-4- phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (8b) has been shown to possess diuretic properties. Acetylenic aldehydes 9a,b also react with 1a,b to give pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 13a-13d in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 7. Synthesis of biologicallyactive pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles from acetylenic acids and2-aminobenzothiazoles

Conjugate addition of the imino nitrogen of 2-aminobenzothiazoles 1 to the alkyne β-carbon atom of acetylenic acids 2 followed by ring closure gives rise to novel 2H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzothiazol-2-ones in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 6. The formation of novelbiologically active pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimid-azoles from electron deficientalkynes and 2-aminobenzimidazoles

2-Aminobenzimidazole (1a) and its 5,6-dimethyl derivative 1b react with phenylpropynenitrile (2) to give 2-amino-4-phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 8a,b in excellent yields. Of these compounds, 2-amino-7,8-dimethyl-4- phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (8b) has been shown to possess diuretic properties. Acetylenic aldehydes 9a,b also react with 1a,b to give pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 13a-13d in good yield

Heterocycles of biological importance: Part 6. The formation of novelbiologically active pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimid-azoles from electron deficientalkynes and 2-aminobenzimidazoles

2-Aminobenzimidazole (1a) and its 5,6-dimethyl derivative 1b react with phenylpropynenitrile (2) to give 2-amino-4-phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 8a,b in excellent yields. Of these compounds, 2-amino-7,8-dimethyl-4- phenylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (8b) has been shown to possess diuretic properties. Acetylenic aldehydes 9a,b also react with 1a,b to give pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 13a-13d in good yield

Qualitative Exploration of the ‘Rolling Unmasking Effect’ for Downwind Odor Dispersion from a Model Animal Source

Solving environmental odor issues can be confounded by many analytical, technological, and socioeconomic factors. Considerable know-how and technologies can fail to properly identify odorants responsible for the downwind nuisance odor and, thereby, focus on odor mitigation strategies. We propose enabling solutions to environmental odor issues utilizing troubleshooting techniques developed for the food, beverage, and consumer products industries. Our research has shown that the odorant impact-priority ranking process can be definable and relatively simple. The initial challenge is the prioritization of environmental odor character from the perspective of the impacted citizenry downwind. In this research, we utilize a natural model from the animal world to illustrate the rolling unmasking effect (RUE) and discuss it more systematically in the context of the proposed environmental odorant prioritization process. Regardless of the size and reach of an odor source, a simplification of odor character and composition typically develops with increasing dilution downwind. An extreme odor simplification-upon-dilution was demonstrated for the prehensile-tailed porcupine (P.T. porcupine); its downwind odor frontal boundary was dominated by a pair of extremely potent character-defining odorants: (1) ‘onion’/‘body odor’ and (2) ‘onion’/‘grilled’ odorants. In contrast with the outer-boundary simplicity, the near-source assessment presented considerable compositional complexity and composite odor character difference. The ultimate significance of the proposed RUE approach is the illustration of naturally occurring phenomena that explain why some environmental odors and their sources can be challenging to identify and mitigate using an analytical-only approach (focused on compound identities and concentrations). These approaches rarely move beyond comprehensive lists of volatile compounds emitted by the source. The novelty proposed herein lies in identification of those few compounds responsible for the downwind odor impacts and requiring mitigation focus.This article is published as Wright, Donald W., Jacek A. Koziel, David B. Parker, Anna Iwasinska, Thomas G. Hartman, Paula Kolvig, and Landon Wahe. "Qualitative Exploration of the ‘Rolling Unmasking Effect’ for Downwind Odor Dispersion from a Model Animal Source." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13085. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413085. Copyright 2021 by the authors. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Posted with permission

Summary and overview of the odour regulations worldwide

When it comes to air pollution complaints, odours are often the most significant contributor. Sources of odour emissions range from natural to anthropogenic. Mitigation of odour can be challenging, multifaceted, site-specific, and is often confounded by its complexity-defined by existing (or non-existing) environmental laws, public ordinances, and socio-economic considerations. The objective of this paper is to review and summarise odour legislation in selected European countries (France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the UK, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Belgium), North America (the USA and Canada), and South America (Chile and Colombia), as well as Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) and Asia (Japan, China). Many countries have incorporated odour controls into their legislation. However, odour-related assessment criteria tend to be highly variable between countries, individual states, provinces, and even counties and towns. Legislation ranges from (1) no specific mention in environmental legislation that regulates pollutants which are known to have an odour impact to (2) extensive details about odour source testing, odour dispersion modelling, ambient odour monitoring, (3) setback distances, (4) process operations, and (5) odour control technologies and procedures. Agricultural operations are one specific source of odour emissions in rural and suburban areas and a model example of such complexities. Management of agricultural odour emissions is important because of the dense consolidation of animal feeding operations and the advance of housing development into rural areas. Overall, there is a need for continued survey, review, development, and adjustment of odour legislation that considers sustainable development, environmental stewardship, and socio-economic realities, all of which are amenable to a just, sitespecific, and sector-specific application