Integrating Social Responsibility Into Business School Undergraduate Education: A Student Perspective

Organizations and society at large recognize that ethically and socially responsible behavior plays a crucial role in good business practices. Debate about social responsibility centers on the responsibilities of consumers and businesses working towards a sustainable future with a new focus on business education. This realization has led employers to expect and demand that business schools facilitate the training of students in social responsibility. To accomplish this, key components to consider within undergraduate business school programs are the development of curriculum, pedagogy, and delivery methods best practices. The end result of this effort would be graduates possessing a range of perspectives and competences that increase their awareness of good socially responsible business practices. Yet, how best to develop the programs, curriculum, and pedagogy that deliver socially responsible business practices to students is still undecided. Equally important is to understand who these “students” are and what they want from business education programs. To develop a meaningful curriculum model, students from across a large northeast university campus were assessed on their perspectives of socially responsible business programs, curriculum, and pedagogy practices. The results suggest significant differences between the student groups in their interest in social responsible business practices and the importance of environmental issues and topics in the curriculum

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO–IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG-LOADED PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Objective: This study is to formulate Nebivolol into a Pulsatile liquid, solid composite compression coated tablet, which will delay the release of the drug in early morning hypertension conditions. Methods: The liquid, solid composite tablet was formulated and compressed with the ethylcellulose coating polymer. The percent in vitro drug release of the liquid solid composite compressed tablet was tested. Based on disintegration time and wetting time, the LCS2, LCS3, LSC6, LCS7 and LCS12 formulations were found to be the optimized solid-liquid compacts fast-dissolving core tablet formulations, which may be excellent candidates for further coating with polymer to transfer into press coated pulsatile tablet formulations. Coating the core tablet with varying ethyl cellulose concentrations resulted in five different formulations of the pulsatile press-coated tablet (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5). In vitro drug release, in vitro release, kinetic studies, in vivo pharmacokinetic and stability tests were all performed for the prepared pulsatile press coated tablet. Results: CT3 tablets are coated with ethyl cellulose polymer, which shows maximum controlled drug release from the core tablet i.e. 96.34±1.2% at 8th h. It shows there was an efficient delay in drug release form core tablet i.e. up to 3 h, followed by the maximum amount of drug release of 96.34±2.4 at 8h. Which shows the core drug will be more efficiently protected from the gastric acid environment 1.2 pH, duodenal environment 4.0 pH and release drug only in the small intestine. Conclusion: According to the findings, CT3 Pulsatile press-coated tablet increased the bioavailability of Nebivolol by 3.11 percent

Glomerular filtration of proteins: Clearance of anionic, neutral, and cationic horseradish peroxidase in the rat

Glomerular filtration of proteins: Clearance of anionic, neutral, and cationic horseradish peroxidase in the rat. Glomerular permeability to horseradish peroxidase, a protein slightly smaller than rat albumin but similar in shape, was studied in Wistar-Furth rats by using a purified neutral isozyme (HRP; molecular radius, ae=29.8 Å) as well as an anionic succinyl-derivative (sHRP ae=31.8 Å) and a cationized enzyme (cHRP, ae=30 Å). The clearance rate of the proteins was determined over a 20-min period using the amounts of enzyme actually filtered (i.e., protein in the urine and protein reabsorbed by tubules). Fractional clearance of cationic HRP (0.338 ± 0.019) exceeded that of neutral HRP (0.061 ± 0.005) by a factor of 5.5 and that of anionic HRP (0.007 ± 0.000) by a factor of 48. Tubular reabsorption was less than 10% of the filtered load. The experimental results indicate marked charge dependency of the filtration of proteins across the glomerulus. Fractional clearances for these proteins are significantly lower than those reported in the literature for dextrans of similar molecular radii. Other molecular properties such as shape and deformability may explain these differences.Filtration glomérulaire des protéines: Clearance de la peroxydase de raifort anionique, neutre ou cationique chez le rat. La perméabilité glomérulaire à la peroxydase de raifort, une protéine un peu plus petite que l'albumine de rat mais semblable par sa forme, a été étudiée chez des rats Wistar-Furth au moyen d'un isoenzyme neutre purifié (HRP; rayon moléculaire, ae = 29,8 Å), d'un dérivé succinylé anionique (sHRP, ae = 31,8 Å) et d'un enzyme cationique (cHRP, ae = 30 Å). La clearance des protéines a été déterminée sur une période de 20min en utilisant les quantités de protéines réellement filtrées (c'est-à-dire les protéines de l'urine et les protéines réabsorbées par les tubes). La clearance fractionnelle de HRP cationique (0,338 ± 0,019) est supérieure à celle de HRP neutre (0,061 ± 0,059 d'un facteur 5,5 et à celle de HRP anionique (0,007 ± 0,000) d'un facteur 48. La réabsorption tubulaire est inférieure à 10% de la charge filtrée. Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent que la filtration glomérulaire des protéines dépend de façon importante de leur charge. Les clearances fractionnelles de ces protéines sont significativement inférieures à celles rapportées dans la littérature pour les dextrans de mêmes rayons moléculaires. D'autres propriétés des molécules, telles que leur forme et leur déformabilité, peuvent expliquer ces différences

Cyclic AMP-associated shape change in mesangial cells and its reversal by prostaglandin E2

Cyclic AMP-associated shape change in mesangial cells and its reversal by prostaglandin E2. The mesangial cell is a glomerular cell type with smooth muscle-like (contractile) properties. The responses evoked in cultured mesangial cells by catecholamines were examined in the presence or absence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with or without a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Exposure to 10-4M norepinephrine, epinephrine, or isoproterenol elevated intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in mesangial cells (25th to 30th passages) nearly threefold. If isobutylmethylxanthine (MIX) was also included, the hormones caused marked further increases in cAMP (after a 20-min incubation, control with MIX, 64.2 ± 5.2 pmoles/mg protein; 10-4M norepinephrine, 4266 ± 284 pmoles/mg protein; 10-4M epinephrine, 5812 ± 173 pmoles/mg protein; and 10-4M isoproterenol, 3136 ± 114 pmoles/mg protein). Under both of these circumstances (that is, catecholamines with or without MIX) greater than 50% of the cells underwent a change in shape (that is, had a round cell body with long, thin tapered processes). The cAMP and shape change response was independent of extracellular calcium ions and appeared to be due to β-adrenergic stimulation. Isoproterenol with MIX stimulated an alteration in morphology and cAMP production at concentrations of 10-4M to 10-9M. Within 10 min following β-adrenergic stimulation (10-4M isoproterenol plus MIX) cAMP was maximum; at this time a shape change was first evident. Eighty-five to one hundred percent of the cells had undergone a shape change by 40 min. Dibutyryl cAMP (10-3M) also induced a shape change in cultured mesangial cells. The addition of PGE2 to either morphologically altered cells or to the isoproterenol incubation medium (with or without MIX) prior to treating the cells, resulted in complete restoration to the normal flat appearance of mesangial cells or no shape change, respectively. PGE2 attenuated but did not abolish hormone-induced elevations in intracellular cAMP. Thus, catecholamines caused mesangial cells to change their shape in association with elevations of intracellular cAMP. PGE2 markedly inhibited the shape change as well as markedly attenuated cAMP generation.La modification de la forme associé l'PAMP cyclique dans les cellules mésangiales et sa interversion par prostaglandine E2. La cellule mésangiale est un type cellulaire glomérulaire ayant despropriétés voisines du muscle lisse (contractile). Les réponses évoquées dans des cellules mésangiales en culture par les catécholamines ont été examinées en présence ou en l'absence de prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) avec ou sans un inhibiteur des phosphodiestérases. L'exposition à 10-4M de noradrénaline, d'adrénaline, ou d'isoprotérénol a élevé les niveaux d'AMP cyclique intracellulaires (cAMP) dans les cellules mésangiales (25ème à 30ème passages) de presque troisfois. Si de l'isobutylméthylxanthine (MIX) était également inclue, les hormones entraînaient des augmentations plus fortes de cAMP (après 20 min d'incubation, contrôles avec MIX, 64,2 ± 5,2 pmoles/mg protéines; 10-4M noradrénaline, 4266 ± 284 pmoles/g protéines; 10-4M adrénaline, 5812 ± 173 pmoles/mg protéines; et 10-4M isoprotérénol, 3136 ± 114 pmoles/mg protéines). Dans chacune de ces circontances (c'est-à-dire catécholamines avec ou sans MIX), plus de 50% cellules subissaient une modification de forme (c'est-à-dire avaient un corps cellulaire rond, avec des expansions rubannées longues et fines). Les réponses cAMP et de modification de forme étaient indépendantes des ions calcium extracellulaires, et paraîssaient être dues à la stimulation β-adrénergique. L'isoprotérénol avec MIX stimulait une altération de la morphologie et de la production de cAMP pour des concentrations de 10-4M à 10-9M. En 10 min, après stimulation β-adrénergique (10-4M d'isoprotérénol plus MIX), cAMP était maximum; à ce moment, la modification de forme était évidente. Quatre-vingt-cinq à cent pour cent des cellules avaient subi une modification de forme en 40 min. Le dibutyryl cAMP (10-3M) induisait également une modification de forme dans les cellules mésangiales en culture. L'addition de PGE2 soit à des cellules morphologiquement altérées, soit au milieu d'incubation de l'isoprotérénol (avec ou sans MIX), avant de traiter les cellules, entraînait une restauration complète de l'apparence normale, plate, des cellules mésangiales, ou l'absence de modification, respectivement. PGE2 a atténué, mais n'a pas aboli les élévations induites par les hormones du cAMP intracellulaire. Ainsi, les catécholamines faisaient changer de forme les cellules mésangiales en association avec des élévations du cAMP intracellulaire. La PGE2 inhibait de façon marquée la modification de changement, et atténuait sensiblement la génération de cAMP

Real-space imaging of quantum Hall effect edge strips

We use dynamic scanning capacitance microscopy (DSCM) to image compressible and incompressible strips at the edge of a Hall bar in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the quantum Hall effect (QHE) regime. This method gives access to the complex local conductance, Gts, between a sharp metallic tip scanned across the sample surface and ground, comprising the complex sample conductance. Near integer filling factors we observe a bright stripe along the sample edge in the imaginary part of Gts. The simultaneously recorded real part exhibits a sharp peak at the boundary between the sample interior and the stripe observed in the imaginary part. The features are periodic in the inverse magnetic field and consistent with compressible and incompressible strips forming at the sample edge. For currents larger than the critical current of the QHE break-down the stripes vanish sharply and a homogeneous signal is recovered, similar to zero magnetic field. Our experiments directly illustrate the formation and a variety of properties of the conceptually important QHE edge states at the physical edge of a 2DEG.Comment: 7 page

Rheology of paste-like food inks for 3D printing:Effects of nutrient and water content

This research delves into understanding the effects of composition on the rheological response of multi-component food inks for 3D food printing. Accordingly, the motivation is to decouple the nutrient and water content effects on the rheology. We formulated inks by combining pea fractions with water and employing a water-holding-capacity based hydration method. Rheology is characterized by steady shear rate and oscillatory strain amplitude sweeps. Strain sweep curves infer that the deformation response of all inks follows a similar trend, and samples sharing the same macronutrient formulation are mapped to a master curve after scaling with the elastic plateau modulus. Samples sharing the same macronutrient formulation mapped to a master curve after scaling with the elastic modulus. Shear rate testing showed that the inks were shear thinning yield stress materials. Shear rate sweeps also collapsed on a master curve scaled by the yield stress and critical shear rate on the y and x axes. The yield stress and the plateau modulus appeared to be controlled by the water content, while the shear and strain thinning exponents were independent of the formulations, inferring that the rheology is scaled by the water content while preserving the shear thinning response. Observing the independence of the rheological properties from the nutrient composition and scalability of the rheology by the water content provided a step forward in developing formulations with various nutrient content at desired ow properties, which promises personalized nutrition. Furthermore, the study shows the applicability of various rheological techniques, which are expected to contribute to the literature on the rheology of granular pastes.</p