Влияние интравагинальной пробиотической терапии на течение папилломавирусной инфекции

Aim. To study the effect of vaginal probiotic therapy on the outcome of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Materials and methods. The study included HPV-infected patients: 29 patients with normal vaginal flora and 146 patients with a deficiency of vaginal lactobacilli, of which 117 patients received vaginal probiotic therapy. In samples obtained before and after the therapy, the effect of the probiotic on the change in the ratio of living, apoptotic, and necrotic vaginal epithelial cells after preliminary exposure to oxidative stress was studied.Results. It was found that probiotics reduce the number of infected epithelial cells that survived the oxidative damage and shift the balance of cell death forms towards apoptosis. Vaginal probiotic therapy in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli increased the frequency of HPV elimination by 2.5 times and reduced the likelihood of treatment failure from 1.5 to 4 times, depending on the viral load. The probiotic therapy made the structure of HPV outcomes in Lactobacillus-deficient patients similar to that in patients with normal vaginal flora.Conclusion. Vaginal probiotic therapy improves outcomes of HPV infection in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli by reducing the number of survived infected cells and shifting the cell death pattern towards apoptosis. Цель – оценить влияние интравагинальной пробиотической терапии на течение папилломавирусной инфекции.Материалы и методы. Исходы папилломавирусной инфекции оценивали у 29 пациенток с нормоценозом и 146 – с дефицитом нормофлоры, из них 117 женщин дополнительно интравагинально получали пробиотик. В пробах, полученных до и после терапии, изучали соотношение живых, апоптотических и некротических вагинальных эпителиоцитов после предварительной стимуляции апоптоза пероксидом водорода.Результаты. Пробиотики снижают количество выживших инфицированных клеток и смещают баланс форм клеточной гибели в сторону апоптоза. Применение пробиотика у пациенток с дефицитом лактофлоры увеличило частоту элиминации вируса папилломы в 2,5 раза и повысило эффективность терапии в 1,5– 4 раза в зависимости от вирусной нагрузки. Пробиотическая терапия у пациенток с дефицитом лактобацилл приблизила структуру исходов папилломавирусной инфекции к таковой группы пациенток с нормоценозом.Заключение. Интравагинальная пробиотическая терапия улучшает исходы папилломавирусной инфекции у пациенток с дефицитом лактофлоры за счет снижения количества выживших инфицированных клеток и смещения структуры клеточной смерти в сторону апоптоза.

VAGINAL LACTOBACILLI REGULATE THE ACTIVITY OF MURAMIDASE VIA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SURFACTANTS

Aim. Evaluation of the effect of metabolites of vaginal lactobacilli on the enzymatic and bactericidal activity of muramidase. Materials and methods. We investigated how the enzymatic and bactericidal activity of muramidase changes after treatment with supernatants of lactobacilli containing surfactants, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof. The enzymatic activity was measured by the rate of Micrococcus luteus lysis, bactericidal activity for test strains of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus by results of seeding on agar plates. Results. The hydrogen peroxide and surfactants reduced the enzymatic activity of lysozyme. Bactericidal activity of lysozyme against L. acidophilus and E. coli was decreased under the influence of surfactants. Hydrogen peroxide and its combinations with surfactants decreased bactericidal activity of lysozyme against L. acidophilus and increased for E. coli. Low concentrations of surfactants potentiated the effect of H2O2 on the antibacterial activity of lysozyme. Conclusion. It is concluded that the metabolites of the normal microflora is a implement for modification of host defense factors in order to create favorable conditions for its own existence, and prevent introduction of allochthonous species

Parameterization of mechanical process operations taking into consideration a coefficient of variation and tool life

This article describes the results of studies on methods for improving the reliability of mechanical process operations of hard-to-machine materials. In serial production hard-to-machine materials processing should be characterized by high reliability, in particular, low dispersion tool life.The aim is to analyze the reliability of a part of the technological system, i.e. the tool for mechanical processing of hard-to-machine materials.The paper analyzes the effect of various input parameters of the technological system (processed material, tool material, technological environment), operating parameters (processing modes) on the reliability of the technological system. A feature of this work is to obtain quantitative characteristics of reliability for processing just the hard-to-machine materials. It is an important problem-solving because of the high cost of both the materials and the tool.For various tool, processed materials, and process operation conditions the experiments have been conducted, and, when machining, the tool life has been recorded, thus allowing to obtain the coefficient of variation for high production run of tool. Comparison of coefficients of variation resulted in offering the tool material, process environment, and operation conditions to improve the reliability of the technological system for the specific brands of corrosion resistant steels and alloys and tungsten.It is shown that the tool material and technological environment have the biggest influence on the tool life period T and its coefficient of variation varT. It is noted that materials with a complicated composition have the higher life volatility as compared with the resistance simple alloys. It is shown that an increasing cutting speed is reduced after a certain value of the coefficient of variation due to entrainment outgrowth formed on the cutting edge of the tool.The results obtained allow machining production engineers at the enterprises of serial manufacturing to reduce the tool wear and increase the reliability of the mechanical process operations of hard-to-machine materials.</p

Regulation of the microecological state of the lower parts of the female reproductive tract with vitamins

Aim. To study the changes in the microecology of the vagina under the influence of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and retinol acetate.Materials and methods. The number of vaginal lactobacilli and opportunistic bacteria, the concentrations of IL1β, raIL1, INFγ, TGFβ1, lactoferrin and sIgA in vaginal fluids of women with deficiency of ascorbic acid (n = 35) or retinol acetate (n = 35) or α-tocopherol (n = 35) were assessed before and after intravaginal application of these vitamins. The obtained data were compared with those of healthy women without vitamin deficiency (n = 15).Results. An association between deficiency of α-tocopherol, retinol acetate and ascorbic acid with a deficiency of lactoflora, a high frequency of bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis, and proinflammatory changes of the parameters of mucosal immunity has been found. A normalizing effect of all vitamins on the lactoflora of the vagina was identified. The severity of this effect decreased in the following order: α-tocopherol → retinol acetate → ascorbic acid. Retinol acetate caused the increase, while ascorbate and tocopherol caused the reduction in the number of opportunistic microorganisms. The effect of ascorbate was pronounced, but short-term, while the effect of tocopherol was less pronounced, but long-lasting. The use of vitamins affected the condition of mucosal immunity in different directions: ascorbic acid caused an increase in pro-inflammatory changes; on the contrary, α-tocopherol and retinol acetate caused anti-inflammatory changes.Conclusion. Our data on the effects of α-tocopherol, retinol acetate, and ascorbic acid on the microecological state of the vaginal biotope suggest that these vitamins may be considered as regulatory factors for both host cells and microsymbionts