102 research outputs found
Alcohol consumption and body composition in a population-based sample of elderly Australian men
Background: Alcohol is calorie dense, and impacts activity, appetite and lipid processing. The aim of this study was to therefore investigate the association between alcohol consumption and components of body composition including bone, fat and lean tissue.Methods: Participants were recruited from a randomly selected, population-based sample of 534 men aged 65 years and older enrolled in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Alcohol intake was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire and the sample categorised as nondrinkers or alcohol users who consumed B2, 3–4 or C5 standard drinks on a usual drinking day. Bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass and body fat mass were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; overall adiposity (%body fat), central adiposity (%truncal fat) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Bone quality was determined by quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS).Results: There were 90 current non-drinkers (16.9 %), 266 (49.8 %) consumed 1–2 drinks/day, 104 (19.5 %) 3–4 drinks/day and 74 (13.8 %) C5 drinks/day. Those consuming C5 drinks/day had greater BMI (?4.8 %), fat mass index (?20.1 %), waist circumference (?5.0 %), %body fat (?15.2 %) and proportion of trunk fat (?5.3 %) and lower lean mass (-5.0 %) than non-drinkers after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, they were more likely to be obese than non-drinkers according to criteria based on BMI (OR = 2.83, 95 %CI 1.10–7.29) or waist circumference (OR = 3.36, 95 %CI 1.32–8.54). There was an inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and QUS parameters and BMD at the mid forearm site; no differences were detected for BMD at other skeletal sites.Conclusion: Higher alcohol intake was associated with greater total and central adiposity and reduced bone quality.<br /
Proximal correlates of metabolic phenotypes during āat-risk' and ācase' stages of the metabolic disease continuum
Extent: 11p.OBJECTIVE: To examine the social and behavioural correlates of metabolic phenotypes during āat-riskā and ācaseā stages of the metabolic disease continuum. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of a random population sample. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 718 community-dwelling adults (57% female), aged 18--92 years from a regional South Australian city. MEASUREMENTS: Total body fat and lean mass and abdominal fat mass were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting venous blood was collected in the morning for assessment of glycated haemoglobin, plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol lipoproteins and insulin. Seated blood pressure (BP) was measured. Physical activity and smoking, alcohol and diet (96-item food frequency), sleep duration and frequency of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms, and family history of cardiometabolic disease, education, lifetime occupation and household income were assessed by questionnaire. Current medications were determined by clinical inventory. RESULTS: 36.5% were pharmacologically managed for a metabolic risk factor or had known diabetes (ācasesā), otherwise were classified as the āat-riskā population. In both āat-riskā and ācasesā, four major metabolic phenotypes were identified using principal components analysis that explained over 77% of the metabolic variance between people: fat mass/insulinemia (FMI); BP; lipidaemia/lean mass (LLM) and glycaemia (GLY). The BP phenotype was uncorrelated with other phenotypes in ācasesā, whereas all phenotypes were inter-correlated in the āat-riskā. Over and above other socioeconomic and behavioural factors, medications were the dominant correlates of all phenotypes in ācasesā and SDB symptom frequency was most strongly associated with FMI, LLM and GLY phenotypes in the āat-riskā. CONCLUSION: Previous research has shown FMI, LLM and GLY phenotypes to be most strongly predictive of diabetes development. Reducing SDB symptom frequency and optimising the duration of sleep may be important concomitant interventions to standard diabetes risk reduction interventions. Prospective studies are required to examine this hypothesis.MT Haren, G Misan, JF Grant, JD Buckley, PRC Howe, AW Taylor, J Newbury and RA McDermot
Proximal correlates of metabolic phenotypes during āat-risk' and ācase' stages of the metabolic disease continuum
Extent: 11p.OBJECTIVE: To examine the social and behavioural correlates of metabolic phenotypes during āat-riskā and ācaseā stages of the metabolic disease continuum. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of a random population sample. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 718 community-dwelling adults (57% female), aged 18--92 years from a regional South Australian city. MEASUREMENTS: Total body fat and lean mass and abdominal fat mass were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting venous blood was collected in the morning for assessment of glycated haemoglobin, plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol lipoproteins and insulin. Seated blood pressure (BP) was measured. Physical activity and smoking, alcohol and diet (96-item food frequency), sleep duration and frequency of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms, and family history of cardiometabolic disease, education, lifetime occupation and household income were assessed by questionnaire. Current medications were determined by clinical inventory. RESULTS: 36.5% were pharmacologically managed for a metabolic risk factor or had known diabetes (ācasesā), otherwise were classified as the āat-riskā population. In both āat-riskā and ācasesā, four major metabolic phenotypes were identified using principal components analysis that explained over 77% of the metabolic variance between people: fat mass/insulinemia (FMI); BP; lipidaemia/lean mass (LLM) and glycaemia (GLY). The BP phenotype was uncorrelated with other phenotypes in ācasesā, whereas all phenotypes were inter-correlated in the āat-riskā. Over and above other socioeconomic and behavioural factors, medications were the dominant correlates of all phenotypes in ācasesā and SDB symptom frequency was most strongly associated with FMI, LLM and GLY phenotypes in the āat-riskā. CONCLUSION: Previous research has shown FMI, LLM and GLY phenotypes to be most strongly predictive of diabetes development. Reducing SDB symptom frequency and optimising the duration of sleep may be important concomitant interventions to standard diabetes risk reduction interventions. Prospective studies are required to examine this hypothesis.MT Haren, G Misan, JF Grant, JD Buckley, PRC Howe, AW Taylor, J Newbury and RA McDermot
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Tissue and serum angiogenic activity is associated with low prevalence of ischemic complications in patients with giant-cell arteritis
Background-Vascular inflammatory lesions from patients with giant-cell arteritis show a remarkable amount of neovascularization, but its clinical implications have never been investigated. Methods and Results-To assess the clinical relevance of neovascularization in giant-cell arteritis, angiogenesis was measured in temporal artery sections from 31 patients with biopsy-proven giant-cell arteritis by staining endothelial cells with Ulex europaeus lectin. Angiogenesis was highly variable among these patients. Patients without ischemic complications had higher tissue angiogenesis scores than patients with ischemic events (5.69+/-0.6 versus 2.91+/-0.6, P=0.003). Angiogenesis was also more prominent in patients with a strong acute phase response (score: 5.31+/-0.6) compared with those with a weak systemic inflammatory reaction (2.30+/-0.44; P=0.0007). Serum angiogenic activity was studied in an additional series of 38 biopsy-proven patients. Sera from patients without ischemic events tended to be more active in stimulating human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth (optical density X 1000, 270+/-15 versus 192+/-14, P=0.065) and differentiation into capillary-like structures (107+/-5 versus 84+/-8 relative units, P=0.0058) than patients with ischemic complications. Sera from patients without ischemic events had more in vivo full angiogenic activity tested in the chick chorioallantoic membrane than sera from patients with ischemic complications. Conclusion-Inflammation-induced angiogenic activity may play a compensatory role for ischemia in patients with giant-cell arteritis.X117683sciescopu
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