Rootstock induced changes in enzymes activity and biochemical constituents during budbreak in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine

The process of budbreak was monitored in own rooted and grafted vines of 'Thompson Seedless' (Vitis vinifera L.). Vines grafted on 110R rootstock and own rooted vines took a shorter time to achieve maximum percentage of budbreak as compared to those grafted on Dogridge rootstock. The higher starch degradation with corresponding increase in α-amylase activity was observed in buds of own rooted and 110R grafted vines till 9th day after pruning, while the α-amylase activity was least on Dogridge rootstock. In own rooted and 110R grafted vines, activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes showed drastic reduction from 0-9th day after pruning. The highest phenolic concentration was observed in the buds of vines grafted on Dogridge rootstock from 0-9th day after pruning. Significant and positive correlation was observed for α-amylase activity and percent budbreak while it was negatively correlated with starch concentration in both buds and canes.

Large-scale unit commitment under uncertainty: an updated literature survey

The Unit Commitment problem in energy management aims at finding the optimal production schedule of a set of generation units, while meeting various system-wide constraints. It has always been a large-scale, non-convex, difficult problem, especially in view of the fact that, due to operational requirements, it has to be solved in an unreasonably small time for its size. Recently, growing renewable energy shares have strongly increased the level of uncertainty in the system, making the (ideal) Unit Commitment model a large-scale, non-convex and uncertain (stochastic, robust, chance-constrained) program. We provide a survey of the literature on methods for the Uncertain Unit Commitment problem, in all its variants. We start with a review of the main contributions on solution methods for the deterministic versions of the problem, focussing on those based on mathematical programming techniques that are more relevant for the uncertain versions of the problem. We then present and categorize the approaches to the latter, while providing entry points to the relevant literature on optimization under uncertainty. This is an updated version of the paper "Large-scale Unit Commitment under uncertainty: a literature survey" that appeared in 4OR 13(2), 115--171 (2015); this version has over 170 more citations, most of which appeared in the last three years, proving how fast the literature on uncertain Unit Commitment evolves, and therefore the interest in this subject