A quality by design (QbD) twin—screw extrusion wet granulation approach for processing water insoluble drugs

In this study, a Quality by Design (QbD) approach was used to identify the effect of formulation parameters in a twin screw wet extrusion granulation process for the manufacturing of ibuprofen (IBU) granules with increased dissolution rates. A fractional factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) was used to investigate the effect of the excipient composition, binder amount and liquid to solid (L/S) ratio (independent variables) on drug dissolution rates, median particle size diameter and specific surface area (dependent variables). The intra-granular addition of the binder in inorganic/polymer blends processed with ethanol as granulating liquids facilitated the formation of granules at various particle sizes. DoE regression analysis showed that all formulation parameters affect the dependent variables significantly. The enhanced dissolution rates were attributed not only to the IBU particle size reduction and adsorption in the porous inorganic network but also to the high specific surface area of the produced granules. Dynamic vapour sorption showed increased water absorption for granules with small particle size distribution and high specific surface area

Penerapan Konsep Rechtsvinding dan Rechtsschepping oleh Hakim dalam Memutus Suatu Perkara

Hakim tidak boleh menolak untuk memeriksa dan memutus perkara yang diajukan padanya sekalipun dengan dalih hukumnya tidak jelas atau tidak ada. Hakim dituntut untuk dapat menggali nilai-nilai dan rasa keadilan yang tumbuh dan hidup dalam masyarakat. Konsep keadilan di sini bukanlah hasil dari intelektual manusia, melainkan dari jiwanya. Suatu keadilan tidak bisa muncul atau lahir dari suatu teori, sebab keadilan itu lahir alami dari hati nurani yang paling dalam dari seorang hakim yang juga manusia. Hati nurani yang murni dari seseorang tidak dapat datang tiba-tiba, melainkan ia lahir dari suatu proses dan latihan atau kebiasaan. Penemuan hukum (rechtsvinding) ataupun penciptaan hukum (rechtsschepping) haruslah dalam koridor untuk memberikan keadilan bagi pencari keadilan. Penerapan konsep rechtsvinding ataupun rechtsschepping hanya boleh dilakukan hakim apabila: Pertama, tidak ditemukannya aturan hukum yang relevan dalam perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kedua, diatur dalam perundang-undangan tetapi tidak jelas maknanya atau mengandung pelbagai penafsiran. Ketiga, aturan yang ada di dalam perundang-undangan tidak lagi memenuhi rasa keadilan masa kini (out of date). Keempat, didasarkan pada suatu yurisprudensi atau pendapat ahli

Buku ajar pengantar ilmu hukum

xx.; 208 hal.; ill.; 19 c

Application towards the Concept of Rechtsvinding and Rechtsschepping by the Judges in Deciding a Case

The judge may not refuse to examine and to decide a case which has been submitted to the court despite having unclear or non-existent legal pretext. The judge are expected to be able to explore values and sense of justice that grows and embodies the community as the living law. The concept of justice here is not the outcome by the human intellectualism, but rather from his/her own spirit. A justice could not exist or be born from a mere theory, because justice is naturally born from the deepest conscience of a judge who is also a human being. A person’s conscience can not come in sudden, but was born through the process, practice or habit. Either legal finding (Rechtsvinding) or the creation of law (rechtsschepping) should be used in providing justice for litigants as follows: First, in absence of the relevant rules within the existing legislation. Second, regulated by the law but insufficiently clear and contain multi-interpretations. Third, regulated by the law but no longer meet the public sense of justice (out of date). Fourth, based on a jurisprudence or an expert opinion

Memahami eksistensi Uang Paksa (Dwangsom) dan implementasinya di Indonesia

xiii.; 245 hal.; ill.; 19 c

Pidato pemberian penghargaan honoris causa dari Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar tahun 2011

33 h

Komentar dan Pembahasan; undang undang nomor 35 tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika

xii.; 451 hal.; ill.; 19 c

Memahami eksitensi (Uang paksa(dwangsong)) dan implementasinya di Indonesia

xviii, 252 h

Peluang dan tantangan eksistensi pengadilan HAM di Indonesia

xxii.; 232 hal.; ill.; 19 c

Memahami eksistensi Uang Paksa (Dwangsom) dan implementasinya di Indonesia

xiii.; 245 hal.; ill.; 19 c