U.S.-Canadian Relations Regarding Diversions from an International Basin: An Analysis of Article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty

This Note argues that article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty, when applied, has failed to resolve international water disputes between the United States and Canada. Part I of this Note examines the history of the negotiations and the text of the Treaty. Part II reviews the subsequent application of article II to international water disputes. Part III analyzes recent U.S. proposals to divert water from Lake Michigan to drought-stricken areas in the context of the Treaty and customary international water law. This Note concludes that article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty is inadequate to resolve water disputes between the U.S. and Canada and should be renegotiated to reflect customary principles of international water law

Quantum Inflation of Classical Shapes

I consider a quantum system that possesses key features of quantum shape dynamics and show that the evolution of wave-packets will become increasingly classical at late times and tend to evolve more and more like an expanding classical system. At early times however, semiclassical effects become large and lead to an exponential mismatch of the apparent scale as compared to the expected classical evolution of the scale degree of freedom. This quantum inflation of an emergent and effectively classical system, occurs naturally in the quantum shape dynamics description of the system, while it is unclear whether and how it might arise in a constrained Hamiltonian quantization.Comment: 14 pages, Late

U.S.-Canadian Relations Regarding Diversions from an International Basin: An Analysis of Article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty

This Note argues that article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty, when applied, has failed to resolve international water disputes between the United States and Canada. Part I of this Note examines the history of the negotiations and the text of the Treaty. Part II reviews the subsequent application of article II to international water disputes. Part III analyzes recent U.S. proposals to divert water from Lake Michigan to drought-stricken areas in the context of the Treaty and customary international water law. This Note concludes that article II of the Boundary Waters Treaty is inadequate to resolve water disputes between the U.S. and Canada and should be renegotiated to reflect customary principles of international water law

Giving Oral Expression Free Rein : Implications for Diversity of University Hate Speech Code

This paper uses history, law, and First Amendment theory to examine the concepts of political correctness, free speech, and hate speech in a search for a solution of how best to deal with hate speech incidents that occur in the university campus community. The paper notes the American tendency toward tyranny of the majority as noted by Alexis de Tocqueville in the 1830s and then proceeds to examine the double-edged sword of free speech. By guaranteeing freedom of speech we promote the right to shout down ethnic and other minority groups; by providing penalties against those who use it to shout others down we make society less free. This paper suggests a different answer: promote more speech expressed in community meetings conducted in an atmosphere that is safe and encouraging for all to express their views

Price Leadership in UK Food Retailing: Time Series Representation and Evidence

This paper analyses the price of a common basket of products sold in each of the UK’s four largest retail chains to assess propositions regarding price leadership. Data used in this investigation represent weighted average prices of a large group of branded and non-branded products purchased nationally at weekly intervals over a three and half year period and cover purchases in 37 product categories. The data are analysed using vector autoregressive methods, a convenient framework for a statistical investigation of this sort, owing to the time series properties that the price data exhibit. The paper introduces the concepts of strategic and tactical price leadership. Since these correspond to parameter restrictions in the vector autoregression, the statistical tests have a economically meaningful interpretation. While the empirical findings are preliminary, they indicate that Tesco, the largest of the retail chains, acts as price leader in both the strategic and tactical senses.