Liquid metal embrittlement

Crack propagation is discussed for metals with liquid metal in the crack space. The change in electrochemical potential of an electron in a metal due to changes in stress level along the crack surface was investigated along with the change in local chemistry, and interfacial energy due to atomic redistribution in the liquid. Coupled elastic-elastrostatic equations, stress effects on electron energy states, and crack propagation via surface roughening are discussed

Computer simulation of surface and film processes

Adequate computer methods, based on interactions between discrete particles, provide information leading to an atomic level understanding of various physical processes. The success of these simulation methods, however, is related to the accuracy of the potential energy function representing the interactions among the particles. The development of a potential energy function for crystalline SiO2 forms that can be employed in lengthy computer modelling procedures was investigated. In many of the simulation methods which deal with discrete particles, semiempirical two body potentials were employed to analyze energy and structure related properties of the system. Many body interactions are required for a proper representation of the total energy for many systems. Many body interactions for simulations based on discrete particles are discussed

HOMEOPATHY AND ALLOPATHY AS DUAL EXPRESSIONS OF NATURE PART I: SOME SPECULATIVE INITIAL THOUGHTS

Physics attempts to develop a relative framework of quantitative understanding which provides internal self-consistency between all the various observable phenomena of nature. Periodically, the new prevailing model of physics is unable to do this with regard to some new sets of observations so the physics model must be expanded in fundamental ways and we refer to this as a paradigm shift. Such a shift began a century ago with the, then, new concepts of discrete quantum packets of change and relativistic coupling of space and time into space-time. Over the years, abundant experimental data has been gathered to support the beneficial utilization of homeopathic remedies for humans, animals, in vitro enzymes, etc., but a framework for understanding such results has been sorely lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide the basis for such a framework

Direct observation of interface instability during crystal growth

The general aim of this investigation was to study interface stability and solute segregation phenomena during crystallization of a model system. Emphasis was to be placed on direct observational studies partly because this offered the possibility at a later stage of performing related experiments under substantially convection-free conditions in the space shuttle. The major achievements described in this report are: (1) the development of a new model system for fundamental studies of crystal growth from the melt and the measurement of a range of material parameters necessary for comparison of experiment with theory. (2) The introduction of a new method of measuring segregation coefficient using absorption of a laser beam by the liquid phase. (3) The comparison of segregation in crystals grown by gradient freezing and by pulling from the melt. (4) The introduction into the theory of solute segregation of an interface field term and comparison with experiment. (5) The introduction of the interface field term into the theories of constitutional supercooling and morphological stability and assessment of its importance

Stability of hexagonal solidification patterns

We investigate the dynamics of cellular solidification patterns using three-dimensional phase-field simulations. The cells can organize into stable hexagonal patterns or exhibit unsteady evolutions. We identify the relevant secondary instabilities of regular hexagonal arrays and find that the stability boundaries depend significantly on the strength of crystalline anisotropy. We also find multiplet states that can be reached by applying well-defined perturbations to a pre-existing hexagonal array.Comment: Minor changes, mainly in introduction and conclusion, one reference adde

Computer simulation of surface and film processes

A molecular dynamics technique based upon Lennard-Jones type pair interactions is used to investigate time-dependent as well as equilibrium properties. The case study deals with systems containing Si and O atoms. In this case a more involved potential energy function (PEF) is employed and the system is simulated via a Monte-Carlo procedure. This furnishes the equilibrium properties of the system at its interfaces and surfaces as well as in the bulk

Effects of low level military training flights on wading bird colonies in Florida

During 1983 and 1984 the effect of low level military training flights on the establishment. size and reproductive success of wading bird colonies was studied in Florida. Based on the indirect evidence of colony distributions and turnover rates in relation to military areas (training routes designated to 500 feet or less above ground level and military operations areas). there was no demonstrated effect of military activity on wading bird colony establishment or size on a statewide basis. Colony distributions were random with respect to military areas and turnover rates were within 2% when military and non-military areas were compared. Colony distributions and turnover rates, however. were related to the amount and type.Les tuer-tne or freshwater) of wetland. respectively. During two breeding seasons the behavioral responses and reproductive success of selected species were monitored in a non-habituated treatment colony (military overflights) and a control colony (no overflights). Breeding wading birds responded to F-16 overflights at 420 knots indicated airspeed. 82-84% maximum rpm. 500 feet above ground level and sound levels ranging from 55-100 dBA by exhibiting no response. looking up or changing position (usually to an alert posture): no productivity limiting responses were observed. High-nesting Great Egrets responded more than other species, nestling Great Egrets and Cattle Egrets responded significantly (r <.05) more intensely than adults of their respective species, and adults responded less during incubation and late chick-rearing than at other times. In addition, no differences in adult attendance, aggressive interactions or chick feeding rates were observed to result from F-16 overflights. No evidence of habituation to overflights was noted. Humans entering the colony or airboats approaching the colony vicinity elicited the most severe responses (flushing and panic flights) observed at both sites. Since relatively little coastal military activity occurs at low levels ( ~500 ft) and only one Brown Pelican colony (5-6% of the breeding population) was located in such an area, the reproductive success of five, more lIexposedll study species (Great Egrets, Snowy Egrets, Tricolored Herons, Little Blue Herons, Cattle Egrets) nesting in interior freshwater colonies was studied. Reproductive activity including such factors as nest success, nestling survival, nestling mortality, and nesting chronology was independent of F-16 overflights but related to ecological factors including colony location, colony characteristics and climatology. The responses to and effects of F-16 overflights, as reported here, should not be considered representative of military aircraft at lower altitudes or greater noise levels. (194 pages

ANOMALOUS ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON IN VITRO ENZYME STUDIES Part 1: Some Faraday Cage & Multiple Vessel Effects

In these papers, we experimentally explore the connection between a detector, which is a small vessel containing an in vitro enzyme-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and its local environment via monitoring the ALP thermodynamic activity as the local environment is changed. Based on purely space-time (D-space) physics, there should be no change in ALP activity as the environment of the incubator/refrigerator is systematically altered. However, based on reciprocal spacetime (R-space/D-space) interactive physics, changes can be expected under appropriate conditions. Here we report on (a) the effects associated with having no Faraday cage vs. an empty Faraday cage made from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 layers of copper screen located on the shelf beside the detector and (b) the same as (a) but with an ALP-solution vessel at various D-space locations in the Faraday Cage. Experimentally, we find statistically significant changes in ALP activity as the environment of the control vessel is systematically changed. The territory currently being explored to explain these results involves selecting an appropriate higher dimensional basespace for viewing nature

DEVELOPMENT OF pH AND TEMPERATURE OSCILLATIONS IN WATER CONTAINING ZnC03 CRYSTALLITES USING INTENTION IMPRINTED ELECTRONIC DEVICES

In this experimental study, two vessels, A and B, of pure water containing 0.4 wt. % sparingly soluble, small ZnC03 crystallites were positioned about 150 feet apart in separate buildings. An Intention Imprinted Electronic Device (lIED) was placed one foot from A. Both pH and temperature were monitored at B. Turning on the lIED at A led to the appearance of both short period (about one hour) and long period (about one day) pH-oscillations at location B plus a marked downward decline of the pH in the direction of the lIED intention. In one experiment, the pH declined a full pH unit in accord with the imprinted intention. In another experiment, shaking the vessel at B to redisperse the fine particles when the lIED was operating at A led to a fall in pH but plateauing somewhat short of the final pH as well as the reappearance of the short period oscillations. For control solutions with no present, no such pH behavior occurred

ON ENHANCING NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD) ACTIVITY IN LIVING SYSTEMS

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a key molecule in intermediary metabolism and for the flow of energy in biological systems. It has been shown that a significant association exists in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, between larval development time, NAD and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)/Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) ratio. Furthermore, variation in NAD concentration has been associated with both AIDS and Alzheimer's disease in humans. Recent studies have favorably implicated NAD as a medication fot patients suffering from both dementia of the Alzheimer type and HIV-l infection. In this paper, we have examined the possibility that both EMFs and intention-augmented EMFs significantly affect (1) the activity of NAD in solution over time and (2) the condition of the water used for preparing NAD solutions to be subsequently utilized for in vitro energy assays in D. melanogaster. Here, we show that NAD activity and the (ATP)/(ADP) ratio significantly depended on the treatments given to the water. Out results indicated (1) that a reduction in exposure to EMFs increased NAD activity and (2) that electronic devices that had been exposed to a human intention concerned with energy metabolism, positively influenced both the activity of NAD and the ATP/ADP ratio in vitro