250 research outputs found
Shapes of the Nucleon
Previously defined spin-dependent quark densities that are matrix elements of
specific density operators in proton states of definite spin-polarization
generally have an infinite variety of non-spherical shapes. The present
application is concerned with both charge and matter densities. We show that
the Gross & Agbakpe model nucleon harbors an interesting variety of
non-spherical shapes.Comment: 8 pages 3 figure
Handling the Handbag Diagram in Compton Scattering on the Proton
Poincare invariance, gauge invariance, conservation of parity and time
reversal invariance are respected in an impulse approximation evaluation of the
handbag diagram. Proton wave functions, previously constrained by comparison
with measured form factors, that incorporate the influence of quark transverse
and orbital angular momentum (and the corresponding violation of proton
helicity conservation) are used. Computed cross sections are found to be in
reasonably good agreement with early measurements. The helicity correlation
between the incident photon and outgoing proton, , is both large and
positive at back angles. For photon laboratory energies of 6 GeV, we find
that , , and that the polarization can be
large.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Replacement fixes some typos, improves references
and figures. An error in Fig. 6 was corrected and related comments in the
text change
Shapes of the Proton
A model proton wave function, constructed using Poincare invariance, and
constrained by recent electromagnetic form factor data, is used to study the
shape of the proton. Spin-dependent quark densities are defined as matrix
elements of density operators in proton states of definite spin-polarization,
and shown to have an infinite variety of non-spherical shapes. For high
momentum quarks with spin parallel to that of the proton, the shape resembles
that of a peanut, but for quarks with anti-parallel spin the shape is that of a
bagel.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. C This corrects a
few typos and explains some further connections with experiment
A dynamical chiral bag model
We study a dynamical chiral bag model, in which massless fermions are
confined within an impenetrable but movable bag coupled to meson fields. The
self-consistent motion of the bag is obtained by solving the equations of
motion exactly assuming spherical symmetry. When the bag interacts with an
external meson wave we find three different kinds of resonances: {\it
fermionic}, {\it geometric}, and -resonances. We discuss the
phenomenological implications of our results.Comment: Two columns, 11 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Comparison of Nucleon Form Factors from Lattice QCD Against the Light Front Cloudy Bag Model and Extrapolation to the Physical Mass Regime
We explore the possibility of extrapolating state of the art lattice QCD
calculations of nucleon form factors to the physical regime. We find that the
lattice results can be reproduced using the Light Front Cloudy Bag Model by
letting its parameters be analytic functions of the quark mass. We then use the
model to extend the lattice calculations to large values of Q^{2} of interest
to current and planned experiments. These functions are also used to define
extrapolations to the physical value of the pion mass, thereby allowing us to
study how the predicted zero in G_{E}(Q^{2})/G_{M}(Q^{2}) varies as a function
of quark mass.Comment: 31 pages, 22 figure
Analytical solution of the dynamical spherical MIT bag
We prove that when the bag surface is allowed to move radially, the equations
of motion derived from the MIT bag Lagrangian with massless quarks and a
spherical boundary admit only one solution, which corresponds to a bag
expanding at the speed of light. This result implies that some new physics
ingredients, such as coupling to meson fields, are needed to make the dynamical
bag a consistent model of hadrons.Comment: Revtex, no figures. Submitted to Journal of Physics
Nucleon Magnetic Moments Beyond the Perturbative Chiral Regime
The quark mass dependence of nucleon magnetic moments is explored over a wide
range. Quark masses currently accessible to lattice QCD, which lie beyond the
regime of chiral perturbation theory (chiPT), are accessed via the cloudy bag
model (CBM). The latter reproduces the leading nonanalytic behavior of chiPT,
while modeling the internal structure of the hadron under investigation. We
find that the predictions of the CBM are succinctly described by the simple
formula, \mu_N(m_\pi) = \mu^{(0)}_N / (1 + \alpha m_\pi + \beta m_\pi^2), which
reproduces the lattice data, as well as the leading nonanalytic behavior of
chiPT. As this form also incorporates the anticipated Dirac moment behavior in
the limit m_\pi \to \infty, it constitutes a powerful method for extrapolating
lattice results to the physical mass regime.Comment: Revised version accepted for publication includes a new section
demonstrating extrapolations of lattice QCD result
A chiral bag model approach to delta electroproduction
Helicity amplitudes for the transition are calculated
using the cloudy bag model. A correction for center-of-mass motion is carried
out using a modified Peierls-Thouless projection method. This reduces the
magnitude of the transition amplitudes at small momentum transfer and enhances
them at modest momentum transfers. Our calculation shows that the pion cloud
contributes substantially to the transition helicity amplitudes, with the final
result giving reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental values.Comment: 16 pages, 6 ps figures, revte
The Flavor Asymmetry of the Nucleon Sea
We re-examine the effects of anti-symmetry on the anti-quarks in the nucleon
sea arising from gluon exchange and pion exchange between confined quarks.
While the effect is primarily to suppress anti-down relative to anti-up quarks,
this is numerically insignificant for the pion terms.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
Contrasting Associations Between Heart Rate Variability and Brainstem-Limbic Connectivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype: A Pilot Study
Background: Increasing evidence points toward the need to extend the neurobiological conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to include evolutionarily conserved neurocircuitries centered on the brainstem and the midbrain. The reticular activating system (RAS) helps to shape the arousal state of the brain, acting as a bridge between brain and body. To modulate arousal, the RAS is closely tied to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Individuals with PTSD often reveal altered arousal patterns, ranging from hyper- to blunted arousal states, as well as altered functional connectivity profiles of key arousal-related brain structures that receive direct projections from the RAS. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore resting state functional connectivity of the RAS and its interaction with the ANS in participants with PTSD and its dissociative subtype. Methods: Individuals with PTSD (n = 57), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS, n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent a 6-min resting functional magnetic resonance imaging and pulse data recording. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of a central node of the RAS – the pedunculopontine nuclei (PPN) – was investigated along with its relation to ANS functioning as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a prominent marker indexing the flexibility of an organism to react adaptively to environmental needs, with higher HRV representing greater effective adaptation. Results: Both PTSD and PTSD + DS demonstrated reduced HRV as compared to controls. HRV measures were then correlated with rsFC of the PPN. Critically, participants with PTSD and participants with PTSD + DS displayed inverse correlations between HRV and rsFC between the PPN and key limbic structures, including the amygdala. Whereas participants with PTSD displayed a positive relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala, participants with PTSD + DS demonstrated a negative relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala. Conclusion: The present exploratory investigation reveals contrasting patterns of arousal-related circuitry among participants with PTSD and PTSD + DS, providing a neurobiological lens to interpret hyper- and more blunted arousal states in PTSD and PTSD + DS, respectively
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