114 research outputs found
Spectral and spatial observations of microwave spikes and zebra structure in the short radio burst of May 29, 2003
The unusual radio burst of May 29, 2003 connected with the M1.5 flare in AR
10368 has been analyzed. It was observed by the Solar Broadband Radio
Spectrometer (SBRS/Huairou station, Beijing) in the 5.2-7.6 GHz range. It
proved to be only the third case of a neat zebra structure appearing among all
observations at such high frequencies. Despite the short duration of the burst
(25 s), it provided a wealth of data for studying the superfine structure with
millisecond resolution (5 ms). We localize the site of emission sources in the
flare region, estimate plasma parameters in the generation sites, and suggest
applicable mechanisms for interpretating spikes and zebra-structure generation.
Positions of radio bursts were obtained by the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope
(SSRT) (5.7 GHz) and Nobeyama radioheliograph (NoRH) (17 GHz). The sources in
intensity gravitated to tops of short loops at 17 GHz, and to long loops at 5.7
GHz. Short pulses at 17 GHz (with a temporal resolution of 100 ms) are
registered in the R-polarized source over the N-magnetic polarity
(extraordinary mode). Dynamic spectra show that all the emission comprised
millisecond pulses (spikes) of 5-10 ms duration in the instantaneous band of 70
to 100 MHz, forming the superfine structure of different bursts, essentially in
the form of fast or slow-drift fibers and various zebra-structure stripes. Five
scales of zebra structures have been singled out. As the main mechanism for
generating spikes (as the initial emission) we suggest the coalescence of
plasma waves with whistlers in the pulse regime of interaction between
whistlers and ion-sound waves. In this case one can explain the appearance of
fibers and sporadic zebra-structure stripes exhibiting the frequency splitting.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, in press; A&A 201
Assessment of Potential Augmentation and Management Strategies for Razorback Sucker \u3cem\u3eXyrauchen texanus\u3c/em\u3e in Lake Mead and Grand Canyon: A 2021 Science Panel Summary
Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus is a large-bodied, long-lived species endemic to the Colorado River Basin. This species historically ranged throughout the basin from the Colorado River delta in Mexico to Wyoming and Colorado. Currently, the species persists ,in a small portion of its historical range with the help of intensive management efforts including augmentation. Recruitment to adult life stages is extremely limited in the wild, but is documented consistently in Lake Mead. Research and monitoring efforts in Lake Mead are ongoing since 1996 and have recently expanded to include the Colorado River inflow area and portions of lower Grand Canyon. Despite evidence of recruitment, the current population size in Lake Mead and Grand Canyon is believed to be small (data) and susceptible to stochastic effects. This raised interest in the potential to augment the population to prevent loss of genetic diversity and increase abundance and distribution in general, as well as explore recruitment bottlenecks. To address critical uncertainties surrounding this management option and to brainstorm other potential options, a Planning Committee and Steering Committee made up of representatives of state (Arizona, Nevada), tribal (Hualapai Tribe, Navajo Nation), and federal (Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) management agencies convened an Expert Science Panel (ESP; 2021), to consider augmentation and management strategies for Razorback Sucker in Lake Mead and Grand Canyon. The purpose of this report is to summarize those findings
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists Suppress Tissue Factor Overexpression in Rat Balloon Injury Model with Paclitaxel Infusion
The role and underlying mechanisms of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, on myocardial infarction are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of this PPAR-γ agonist on the expression of tissue factor (TF), a primary molecule for thrombosis, and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. The PPAR-γ agonist inhibited TF expression in response to TNF-α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human monocytic leukemia cell line, and human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells. The overexpression of TF was mediated by increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which was blocked by the PPAR-γ agonist. The effective MAPK differed depending on each cell type. Luciferase and ChIP assays showed that transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), was a pivotal target of the PPAR-γ agonist to lower TF transcription. Intriguingly, two main drugs for drug-eluting stent, paclitaxel or rapamycin, significantly exaggerated thrombin-induced TF expression, which was also effectively blocked by the PPAR-γ agonist in all cell types. This PPAR-γ agonist did not impair TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in three cell types. In rat balloon injury model (Sprague-Dawley rats, n = 10/group) with continuous paclitaxel infusion, the PPAR-γ agonist attenuated TF expression by 70±5% (n = 4; P<0.0001) in injured vasculature. Taken together, rosiglitazone reduced TF expression in three critical cell types involved in vascular thrombus formation via MAPK and AP-1 inhibitions. Also, this PPAR-γ agonist reversed the paclitaxel-induced aggravation of TF expression, which suggests a possibility that the benefits might outweigh its risks in a group of patients with paclitaxel-eluting stent implanted
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