Deserved attention for acute kidney injury after major trauma

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Intensive Care Medicine. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05609-xDear Editor, The systematic review of acute kidney injury (AKI) after trauma by Søvik et al. [1] adds much-needed data on the incidence and outcomes of trauma-associated AKI. The authors reported a pooled incidence of AKI of 24%across 24 studies including over 25,000 patients. These results duplicate those of a recently published meta-analysis of AKI in trauma by Haines et al. [2]. Furthermore, data on AKI in 3111 patients from a French multicentre trauma registry has now been published by Harrois et al. [3] where an independent association between AKI and mortality persisted. When included amongst studies reporting adjusted odds ratios of death in trauma-ICU patients with AKI, the association with mortality is convincin

О новой стратегии экономических реформ в Республике Афганистан

Проводимая в Афганистане стратегия рыночных преобразований привела к разрушению экономики, государственного устройства и вооруженным конфликтам. В статье предложена новая стратегия экономических реформ, направленная на модернизацию и укрепление редистрибутивных институциональных форм. Реформу в банковской сфере предложено построить на модели исламского банкинга в его современных модификациях. The strategy of market reforms, being held in Afghanistan, has led to the destruction of the economy, polity, and armed conflicts. The article proves the contradictory bеtween the Afghan society nature and the forced into application market institutions. It proposes a new strategy of economic reforms aimed at modernizing and strengthening the redistributive institutional forms. The new strategy of reforms in the banking sector is proposed to build on the model of Islamic banking in its modern versions

Entanglement and Mixed ness of Locally Cloned Non - Maximal W - State

In this work we describe a protocol by which two of three parties generate two bipartite entangled state among themselves without involving third party, from a non maximal W state or W - type state $|X>=\alpha|001>_{123}+\beta|010>_{123}+\gamma|100>_{123}, \alpha^{2} + \beta^{2} + \gamma^{2} = 1$ shared by three distant partners. Also we have considered the case $\beta=\gamma$, to obtain a range for $\alpha^2$, for which the local output states are separable and non local output states are inseparable. We also find out the dependence of the mixed ness of inseparable states with their amount of inseparability, for that range of $\alpha^2$.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, Accepted for publication in IJT

Diurnal Differences in Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias during Spontaneous Hypoglycemia in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia may exert proarrhythmogenic effects on the heart via sympathoadrenal stimulation and hypokalemia. Hypoglycemia-induced cardiac dysrhythmias are linked to the “dead-in-bed syndrome,” a rare but devastating condition. We examined the effect of nocturnal and daytime clinical hypoglycemia on electrocardiogram (ECG) in young people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-seven individuals with type 1 diabetes underwent 96 h of simultaneous ambulatory ECG and blinded continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) while symptomatic hypoglycemia was recorded. Frequency of arrhythmias, heart rate variability, and cardiac repolarization were measured during hypoglycemia and compared with time-matched euglycemia during night and day. RESULTS A total of 2,395 h of simultaneous ECG and CGM recordings were obtained; 159 h were designated hypoglycemia and 1,355 h euglycemia. A median duration of nocturnal hypoglycemia of 60 min (interquartile range 40–135) was longer than daytime hypoglycemia of 44 min (30–70) (P = 0.020). Only 24.1% of nocturnal and 51.0% of daytime episodes were symptomatic. Bradycardia was more frequent during nocturnal hypoglycemia compared with matched euglycemia (incident rate ratio [IRR] 6.44 [95% CI 6.26, 6.63], P < 0.001). During daytime hypoglycemia, bradycardia was less frequent (IRR 0.023 [95% CI 0.002, 0.26], P = 0.002) and atrial ectopics more frequent (IRR 2.29 [95% CI 1.19, 4.39], P = 0.013). Prolonged QTc, T-peak to T-end interval duration, and decreased T-wave symmetry were detected during nocturnal and daytime hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was common. We identified differences in arrhythmic risk and cardiac repolarization during nocturnal versus daytime hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Our data provide further evidence that hypoglycemia is proarrhythmogenic

Cocaine directly impairs memory extinction and alters brain DNA methylation dynamics in honey bees

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing behavioral disorder. The high relapse rate has often been attributed to the perseverance of drug-associated memories due to high incentive salience of stimuli learnt under the influence of drugs. Drug addiction has also been interpreted as a memory disorder since drug associated memories are unusually enduring and some drugs, such as cocaine, interfere with neuroepigenetic machinery known to be involved in memory processing. Here we used the honey bee (an established invertebrate model for epigenomics and behavioral studies) to examine whether or not cocaine affects memory processing independently of its effect on incentive salience. Using the proboscis extension reflex training paradigm we found that cocaine strongly impairs consolidation of extinction memory. Based on correlation between the observed effect of cocaine on learning and expression of epigenetic processes, we propose that cocaine interferes with memory processing independently of incentive salience by directly altering DNA methylation dynamics. Our findings emphasize the impact of cocaine on memory systems, with relevance for understanding how cocaine can have such an enduring impact on behavior.This work was supported by Australian Research Council grant DP0986021 awarded to AB and RM. JP was supported by an iMQRES scholarships awarded by Macquarie University and a DAAD Doktorandenstipendium awarded by the German Academic Exchange service

Wishing for deburdening through a sustainable control after bariatric surgery

The aim of this study was an in-depth investigation of the change process experienced by patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A prospective interview study was performed prior to as well as 1 and 2 years after surgery. Data analyses of the transcribed interviews were performed by means of the Grounded Theory method. A core category was identified: Wishing for deburdening through a sustainable control over eating and weight, comprising three related categories: hoping for deburdening and control through surgery, feeling deburdened and practising control through physical restriction, and feeling deburdened and trying to maintain control by own willpower. Before surgery, the participants experienced little or no control in relation to food and eating and hoped that the bariatric procedure would be the first brick in the building of a foundation that would lead to control in this area. The control thus achieved in turn affected the participants' relationship to themselves, their roles in society, and the family as well as to health care. One year after surgery they reported established routines regarding eating as well as higher self-esteem due to weight loss. In family and society they set limits and in relation to health care staff they felt their concern and reported satisfaction with the surgery. After 2 years, fear of weight gain resurfaced and their self-image was modified to be more realistic. They were no longer totally self-confident about their condition, but realised that maintaining control was a matter of struggle to obtaining a foundation of sustainable control. Between 1 and 2 years after surgery, the physical control mechanism over eating habits started to more or less fade for all participants. An implication is that when this occurs, health care professionals need to provide interventions that help to maintain the weight loss in order to achieve a good long-term outcome