Boron carbide morphology changing under purification

Boron carbide synthesized by using coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with graphite electrodes was purified by two different ways. XRD-investigations showed content changing and respectively powder purification. Moreover TEM-investigations demonstrated morphology changing of product under purification that was discussed in the work

The plasma dynamic synthesis of aluminum nitride in system with gaseous and solid precursors

Aluminum nitride is widely-used material for semiconductor devices and ceramics production. Despite the large number of known ways to obtain AlN powder, the problem of synthesizing high-purity and nanosized product is still urgent. This paper shows results on plasma dynamic synthesis of aluminum nitride using system based coaxial magneto plasma accelerator. The influence of using gaseous or solid precursors on such characteristics of the final product as phase content and particle size distribution was investigated. According to X-Ray diffractometry AlN phase content is increased in the case of use of solid nitrogen-containing precursor (melamine) in comparison with the use of gaseous nitrogen. The particle sizes distribution histograms are built in accordance with the data of bright-field TEM-images and shown in this paper. The most of particles are less than 100 nm in both experiment but there are some differences, depended on the precursor type, that are also described

Evaluation of Prognostic Criteria for Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Patients With Early Nasogastric and Nasojejunal Feeding

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of predictors of severe acute pancreatitis in patients with nasogastric (NG) and nasojejunal (NJ) feeding.   Materials and methods: Our open-label randomized controlled study was carried out in the intensive care unit of Neftyanik Occupational Health Facility (Tyumen, Russian Federation) between November 2012 and October 2018 and included 64 patients who had predictors of severe acute pancreatitis (APACHE II score > 8, C-reactive protein [CRP] > 150 mg/L, SOFA score > 2) and could start early NG and NJ feeding. We evaluated the prognostic value of APACHE II, SOFA, BISAP, blood urea, and CRP in the general group and for different enteral feeding methods during the first 24 hours and in 48 hours. Data were statistically processed using the SPSS 26 software.   Results: Only one prognostic model was statistically significant for the first 24 hours and included APACHE II (AUC = 0.705, 95 % CI 0.577-0.834, P = 0.005, cutoff threshold of 8.5, sensitivity of 0.394, and specificity of 0.935 for all patients). In 48 hours models of the following groups were statistically significant: that of all patients, which included APACHE II, CRP, and blood urea (AUC = 0.904, 95 % CI 0.826-0.983, P < .001, cutoff threshold of 0.65, sensitivity of 0.818, and specificity of 0.935), NJ feeding group with CRP (AUC = 0.775, 95% CI 0.611-0.94, P < .001, cutoff threshold of 209.0 mg/L, sensitivity of 0.529, and specificity of 1.0), and NG feeding group with APACHE II (AUC = 0.767, 95% CI 0.599-0.934, P < 0.001, cutoff threshold of 9, sensitivity of 0.625, and specificity of 0.882).   Conclusions: Enteral feeding method does not affect the prognostic criteria for severe acute pancreatitis. 48 hours after admission is the best period period for severity prognosis, and the model with such independent predictors as APACHE II, blood CRP, and urea showed the best quality prognosis. If these predictors could not be used at once, we recommend APACHE II for NG feeding and blood CRP for NJ feeding

Plasma dynamic synthesis of ultradispersed copper oxides

Copper oxide is necessary material for production of superconductors. The issue of obtaining high purity and nanosides CuO is actual. This article shows the results on the obtaining of nanodispersed copper oxide by plasma dynamic method in system based on coaxial magneto plasma accelerator with copper electrodes. Such analyses of ultradispersed synthesized products as X-Ray diffractometry, IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis were carried out. According to XRD such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu[2]O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]xH[2]O were identified in the product. It was found that with the gradual heating of the initial product up to 800°С the phase content changed dramatically in terms of enhancing copper oxide phase (up to 97%)

Application of spark plasma sintering for fabricating Nd-Fe-B composite

Constant magnets are applied in such fields as electric equipment and electric generators with fixed rotor. Rare earth metal neodymium is well known as promising material. Production of magnets by sintering three elements (neodymium, iron and boron) is one the most promising methods. But there are difficulties in choosing the right temperature for sintering and further processing. Structure and properties of the product, consisted of rare earth metals, was analyzed. X-ray analysis of the resulting product and the finished constant magnet was performed. Vickers microhardness was obtained

Efficacy of Nasogastric and Nasojejunal Enteral Feeding in the Early Phase of Acute Pacreatitis

Enteral nutrition in the early phase of predicted severe acute pancreatitis can be administered via a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube. Finding the most effective method in terms of daily balance, the volume of feeding and residual gastric volume in the early period of moderate and severe acute pancreatitis is a current challenge.The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy of nasogastric and nasojejunal early enteral feeding duringthe early phase of predicted severe acute pancreatitis.Material and methods. The study was prospective, single-center, and randomized. The data were collected from November 2012 to October 2018. The study included 64 ICU patients in the early period of acute pancreatitis exhibiting predictors of severity. During randomization, the patients were assigned to either nasogastric (group 1) or nasojejunal (group 2) feeding for the next four days. The volume of enteral feeding on Day 1 was 250 ml/day, and on each successive day it was increased by 250 ml/day. During group allocation, the disease severity and the way of nutrient administration were taken into account. Daily balance was calculated using the difference between enterally administered and residual gastric volume. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.23 software package. The null hypothesis was rejected at P0.05.Results. The volume of enteral nutrition administered over 4 days did not differ between the study groups. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis had significantly better nutrient absorption over 4 days when the postpyloric route was used (1.63±0.98 l/d) vs the nasogastric one (0.55±0.29 l/d) (P=0.001). In moderate pancreatitis, the enteral nutrition absorption over 4 days did not differ (P=0.107) between the groups with nasogastric (2.06±0.87 l/day) and nasojejunal (2.6±0.45 l/day) feeding.Conclusion. Nasojejunal route is the preferred way to start enteral feeding in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. In moderate acute pancreatitis, feeding can be initiated via the gastric route and only in case of intolerance it should be switched to the nasojejunal one

Prognostic Tests of Intolerance to Postpyloric Feeding in Early Acute Pancreatitis

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of postpyloric feeding in early predicted severe acute pancreatitis using acetaminophen absorption test and gastric emptying rate.Material and methods. An open observational prospective cohort study in the intensive care unit of OAO «Neftyanik» hospital in the city of Tyumen, Russia, from November 2012 to October 2018 was performed. All included patients were diagnosed with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (inclusion criterion). The rate of gastric emptying was assessed using an original ultrasound technique which involved measuring the fluid volume 30 min and 60 min after administering of 200 mL aliquote of water into the stomach. Acetaminophen absorption test was performed according to the following procedure: 0.5 g of acetaminophen was administered through the nasojunal tube placed 30–40 cm distal to the Treitz ligament using endoscope, the blood level of the drug was measured 5–20 min later.Results. Gastric fluid volume at 60 min (OR=1.049, 95% CI: 1.028–1.07, P<0.001 with AUC=0.921, 95% CI: 0.808–0.944 and cutoff value of 73.5) was a significant predictor of residual gastric volume ≥ 500 mL/d and intolerance to enteral feeding through the nasojejunal tube (OR=1.023, 95% CI: 1.009–1.036, P=0.001 with AUC 0.752, 95% CI: 0.629–0.875, with cutoff value of 79.5). The acetaminophen small intestine absorption test was reliable in predicting the residual gastric volume ≥ 500 mL/d for the early period of disease. The acetaminophen absorption test was a significant predictor of intolerance to enteral feeding through the nasojejunal tube only in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (OR=0.834, 95% CI: 0.733–0.949, P<0.001 with AUC=0.894, 95% CI: 0.770–0.1 with cutoff value of 14.6).Conclusion. Throughout the early period of acute pancreatitis, gastric fluid volume measured 60 min after the administration of 200 mL of water, accurately predicts the residual gastric volume I 500 mL/day. Acetaminophen absorption test in the small intestine can reliably predict intolerance to postpyloric feeding only for patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Plasma dynamic synthesis of ultradispersed copper oxides

Copper oxide is necessary material for production of superconductors. The issue of obtaining high purity and nanosides CuO is actual. This article shows the results on the obtaining of nanodispersed copper oxide by plasma dynamic method in system based on coaxial magneto plasma accelerator with copper electrodes. Such analyses of ultradispersed synthesized products as X-Ray diffractometry, IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis were carried out. According to XRD such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu[2]O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]xH[2]O were identified in the product. It was found that with the gradual heating of the initial product up to 800°С the phase content changed dramatically in terms of enhancing copper oxide phase (up to 97%)

Эффективность назогастрального и назоеюнального энтерального питания в раннюю фазу острого пакреатита

Enteral nutrition in the early phase of predicted severe acute pancreatitis can be administered via a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube. Finding the most effective method in terms of daily balance, the volume of feeding and residual gastric volume in the early period of moderate and severe acute pancreatitis is a current challenge.The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy of nasogastric and nasojejunal early enteral feeding duringthe early phase of predicted severe acute pancreatitis.Material and methods. The study was prospective, single-center, and randomized. The data were collected from November 2012 to October 2018. The study included 64 ICU patients in the early period of acute pancreatitis exhibiting predictors of severity. During randomization, the patients were assigned to either nasogastric (group 1) or nasojejunal (group 2) feeding for the next four days. The volume of enteral feeding on Day 1 was 250 ml/day, and on each successive day it was increased by 250 ml/day. During group allocation, the disease severity and the way of nutrient administration were taken into account. Daily balance was calculated using the difference between enterally administered and residual gastric volume. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.23 software package. The null hypothesis was rejected at P0.05.Results. The volume of enteral nutrition administered over 4 days did not differ between the study groups. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis had significantly better nutrient absorption over 4 days when the postpyloric route was used (1.63±0.98 l/d) vs the nasogastric one (0.55±0.29 l/d) (P=0.001). In moderate pancreatitis, the enteral nutrition absorption over 4 days did not differ (P=0.107) between the groups with nasogastric (2.06±0.87 l/day) and nasojejunal (2.6±0.45 l/day) feeding.Conclusion. Nasojejunal route is the preferred way to start enteral feeding in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. In moderate acute pancreatitis, feeding can be initiated via the gastric route and only in case of intolerance it should be switched to the nasojejunal one.Энтеральное питание в ранний период острого панкреатита с предикторами тяжелого течения может быть осуществлено через назогастральный или назоеюнальный зонд. Оценить, какой способ наиболее эффективен с позиции суточного баланса, введенного энтерально питания и остаточного желудочного объема в ранний период тяжелого и среднетяжелого острого панкреатита, является актуальной проблемой.Цель — оценить эффективность назогастрального и назоеюнального раннего энтерального питания в раннюю фазу острого панкреатита с предикторами тяжелого течения.Материалы и методы. Выполнили проспективное одноцентровое рандоминизированное исследование. Набор материала осуществили с ноября 2012 г. по октябрь 2018 г. В исследование вошли 64 пациента отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии в ранний период острого панкреатита с предикторами тяжелого течения. Рандомизацией определяли назогастрально (группа 1) или назоеюнально (группа 2) будет проведено энтеральное питание в последующие четверо суток. Объем энтерального питания в первые сутки составил 250 мл/сут, в каждые последующие сутки он увеличивался на 250 мл/сут. При формировании групп учитывали форму заболевания и путь введения нутриентов. По разнице между введенным энтерально и остаточным желудочным объемом рассчитывали суточный баланс. Статистическую обработку материала провели с помощью пакета программ SPSS-23. Нулевую гипотезу отвергали при p0,05.Результаты. Объем введенного за 4 суток энтерально питания не отличался между сформированными группами. Пациенты с тяжелой формой острого панкреатита при постпилорическом введении нутриентов за 4 суток усвоили статистически значимо (p=0,001) больше (1,63±0,98 л/сут), чем при назогастральном (0,55±0,29 л/сут) питании. При умеренно тяжелом панкреатите объем усвоенного питания за 4 суток не отличался (p=0,107) между группами с назогастральным (2,06±0,87 л/сут) и назоеюнальным (2,6±0,45 л/сут) питанием.Заключение. Начинать энтеральное питание пациентам с тяжелой формой острого панкреатита предпочтительней в назоеюнальный зонд. При умеренно тяжелом остром панкреатите инициировать питание можно в желудок и только при его непереносимости следует перейти на назоеюнальный метод введения нутриентов

Прогностические тесты непереносимости постпилорического энтерального питания в раннюю фазу острого панкреатита

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of postpyloric feeding in early predicted severe acute pancreatitis using acetaminophen absorption test and gastric emptying rate.Material and methods. An open observational prospective cohort study in the intensive care unit of OAO «Neftyanik» hospital in the city of Tyumen, Russia, from November 2012 to October 2018 was performed. All included patients were diagnosed with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (inclusion criterion). The rate of gastric emptying was assessed using an original ultrasound technique which involved measuring the fluid volume 30 min and 60 min after administering of 200 mL aliquote of water into the stomach. Acetaminophen absorption test was performed according to the following procedure: 0.5 g of acetaminophen was administered through the nasojunal tube placed 30–40 cm distal to the Treitz ligament using endoscope, the blood level of the drug was measured 5–20 min later.Results. Gastric fluid volume at 60 min (OR=1.049, 95% CI: 1.028–1.07, P<0.001 with AUC=0.921, 95% CI: 0.808–0.944 and cutoff value of 73.5) was a significant predictor of residual gastric volume ≥ 500 mL/d and intolerance to enteral feeding through the nasojejunal tube (OR=1.023, 95% CI: 1.009–1.036, P=0.001 with AUC 0.752, 95% CI: 0.629–0.875, with cutoff value of 79.5). The acetaminophen small intestine absorption test was reliable in predicting the residual gastric volume ≥ 500 mL/d for the early period of disease. The acetaminophen absorption test was a significant predictor of intolerance to enteral feeding through the nasojejunal tube only in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (OR=0.834, 95% CI: 0.733–0.949, P<0.001 with AUC=0.894, 95% CI: 0.770–0.1 with cutoff value of 14.6).Conclusion. Throughout the early period of acute pancreatitis, gastric fluid volume measured 60 min after the administration of 200 mL of water, accurately predicts the residual gastric volume I 500 mL/day. Acetaminophen absorption test in the small intestine can reliably predict intolerance to postpyloric feeding only for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Цель. Оценить эффективность постпилорического питания в раннюю фазу острого панкреатита с предикторами тяжелого течения с помощью теста абсорбции ацетаминофена и скорости опорожнения желудка.Материалы и метод. Выполнили открытое обсервационное проспективное когортное исследование в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии АО МСЧ «Нефтяник» г. Тюмени с ноября 2012 г. по октябрь 2018 г. Критерии включения: диагноз острого панкреатита и наличие предиктора тяжелого течения. Скорость эвакуации содержимого из желудка оценивали оригинальным способом с помощью сонографии, через 30 мин и 60 мин после введения в него 200 мл воды измеряли объем жидкости. Тест абсорбции ацетаминофена выполняли следующим образом: 0,5 г препарата вводили в назоеюнальный зонд, установленный с помощью эндоскопа на 30–40 см дистальнее связки Трейца, спустя 5–20 мин определяли концентрацию препарата в крови.Результаты. Объем жидкости в желудке на 60 минуте (отношение шансов (ОШ) — 1,049, 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,028–1,07, р<0,001 с площадью под кривой (AUС) 0,921, 95% ДИ 0,808–0,944, с порогом отсечения 73,5) позволил статистически значимо прогнозировать остаточный объем желудка ≥ 500 мл/сут и непереносимость энтерального питания в назоеюнальный зонд (ОШ — 1,023, 95% ДИ 1,009–1,036, р=0,001 с AUС 0,752, 95% ДИ 0,629–0,875, с порогом отсечения 79,5). Тест абсорбции ацетаминофена в тонкий кишечник не способен статистически значимо предсказать остаточный объем желудка ≥ 500 мл/сут для всего начального периода заболевания. Тест абсорбции ацетаминофена позволил статистически значимо прогнозировать непереносимость энтерального питания в назоеюнальный зонд только у пациентов с тяжелой формой острого панкреатита (ОШ — 0,834, 95% ДИ 0,733–0,949, р<0,001 с AUS 0,894, 95% ДИ 0,770–0,1 с порогом отсечения 14,6).Заключение. На протяжении всего начального периода острого панкреатита объем жидкости в желудке, определенный на 60-й мин после введения в него 200 мл воды, позволяет с очень хорошим и отличным качеством прогнозировать остаточный объем в желудке I 500 мл/сут. Тест абсорбции ацетаминофена в тонкий кишечник обладает очень хорошим и отличным качеством прогноза непереносимости постпилорического питания только для пациентов с тяжелой формой острого панкреатита