416 research outputs found
Organisational Learning and Incident Response: Promoting Effective Learning Through The Incident Response Process
Effective response to information security incidents is a critical function of modern organisations. However, recent studies have indicated that organisations have adopted a narrow and technical view of incident response (IR), focusing on the immediate concern of detection and subsequent corrective actions. Although some reflection on the IR process may be involved, it is typically limited to technical issues and does not leverage opportunities to learn about the organisational security threat environment and to adapt incident response capabilities. Given the science of incident response is rooted in practice, it is not surprising that the same criticisms can be applied to much of IR literature. However, a review of literature in the area of organisational learning suggests that improvements can be made to the incident response process. This paper proposes that future incident response research must incorporate a learning focus, improve feedback timing on learning activities, facilitate double-loop learning and incorporate an informal learning perspective within both formal, procedural incident response processes as well as unstructured, informal environments
The Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Rainbow Trout Embryos
There currently exists a need to develop new approaches to control aquatic invasive and nuisance species. The effects of light radiation such as ultra-violet wavelengths of light have shown negative effects, such as increased embryo mortality in early embryonic salmonid larvae. This study explores the use of light radiation for eradication of invasive fish. Experiments were conducted to evaluate dose and critical period of sensitivity for mortality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos after exposure to visual and ultra-violet light radiation. Endpoints recorded include exposure intensity, effective distance from source, duration of exposure, malformations and mortality. Introduced light may be an effective and feasible eradication technique of early life history stages of fish and invertebrate invasive species in situ, as light can be implemented and removed with minimal environmental impact
Identification of genes associated with complex traits by testing the genetic dissimilarity between individuals
Abstract
Using the exome sequencing data from 697 unrelated individuals and their simulated disease phenotypes from Genetic Analysis Workshop 17, we develop and apply a gene-based method to identify the relationship between a gene with multiple rare genetic variants and a phenotype. The method is based on the Mantel test, which assesses the correlation between two distance matrices using a permutation procedure. Using up to 100,000 permutations to estimate the statistical significance in 200 replicate data sets, we found that the method had 5.1% type I error at an α level of 0.05 and had various power to detect genes with simulated genetic associations. FLT1 and KDR had the most significant correlations with Q1 and were replicated 170 and 24 times, respectively, in 200 simulated data sets using a Bonferroni corrected p-value of 0.05 as a threshold. These results suggest that the distance correlation method can be used to identify genotype-phenotype association when multiple rare genetic variants in a gene are involved.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112957/1/12919_2011_Article_1171.pd
Automated extraction of chemical structure information from digital raster images
Background: To search for chemical structures in research articles, diagrams or text representing molecules need to be translated to a standard chemical file format compatible with cheminformatic search engines. Nevertheless, chemical information contained in research articles is often referenced as analog diagrams of chemical structures embedded in digital raster images. To automate analog-to-digital conversion of chemical structure diagrams in scientific research articles, several software systems have been developed. But their algorithmic performance and utility in cheminformatic research have not been investigated. Results: This paper aims to provide critical reviews for these systems and also report our recent development of ChemReader -- a fully automated tool for extracting chemical structure diagrams in research articles and converting them into standard, searchable chemical file formats. Basic algorithms for recognizing lines and letters representing bonds and atoms in chemical structure diagrams can be independently run in sequence from a graphical user interface-and the algorithm parameters can be readily changed-to facilitate additional development specifically tailored to a chemical database annotation scheme. Compared with existing software programs such as OSRA, Kekule, and CLiDE, our results indicate that ChemReader outperforms other software systems on several sets of sample images from diverse sources in terms of the rate of correct outputs and the accuracy on extracting molecular substructure patterns. Conclusion: The availability of ChemReader as a cheminformatic tool for extracting chemical structure information from digital raster images allows research and development groups to enrich their chemical structure databases by annotating the entries with published research articles. Based on its stable performance and high accuracy, ChemReader may be sufficiently accurate for annotating the chemical database with links to scientific research articles.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90875/1/Saitou8.pd
Identification of correlated genetic variants jointly associated with rheumatoid arthritis using ridge regression
Abstract
Using the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium genome-wide association dataset, we applied ridged, multiple least-squares regression to identify genetic variants with apparent unique contributions to variation of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), a newly identified clinical risk factor for development of rheumatoid arthritis. Within a 2.7-Mbp region on chromosome 6 around the well studied HLA-DRB1 locus, ridge regression identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that was associated with anti-CCP variation when including the additive effects of other single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a multivariable analysis, but that showed only a weak direct association with anti-CCP. This suggests that multivariable methods can be used to identify potentially relevant genetic variants in regions of interest that would be difficult to detect based on direct associations.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117369/1/12919_2009_Article_2814.pd
Large-scale structure of time evolving citation networks
In this paper we examine a number of methods for probing and understanding
the large-scale structure of networks that evolve over time. We focus in
particular on citation networks, networks of references between documents such
as papers, patents, or court cases. We describe three different methods of
analysis, one based on an expectation-maximization algorithm, one based on
modularity optimization, and one based on eigenvector centrality. Using the
network of citations between opinions of the United States Supreme Court as an
example, we demonstrate how each of these methods can reveal significant
structural divisions in the network, and how, ultimately, the combination of
all three can help us develop a coherent overall picture of the network's
shape.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; journal names for 4 references fixe
Effects of Electricity and Altered Conductivity on Rainbow Trout Embryos: A Study to Determine Efficacy of Electricity for Eradication of Invasive Salmonids
Electricity has been an applied means of facilitating capture and removal of invasive fishes for many years. Current methods involve use of electrodes to establish a current through which passing fish will be susceptible to a brief shock to stun. This method, however, only affects free swimming individuals and is not inclusive of early life history stages such as embryos within spawning substrate. This study evaluates the susceptibility of embryonic and larval stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to direct DC current between 2-20v/cm in varying conductive waters to determine lethality for invasive salmonid eradication efforts. Rainbow trout embryos (n = 10 embryos/exposure) were initially exposed to homogeneous electric fields for 5 sec with a water conductivity of 220uS/cm from 1 day post fertilization (DPF)/ 27 temperature units (TU) to 15 DPF/405TU. Mortality was assessed 24 hours post exposure and the LV50 (lethal voltage) at 220uS/cm was determined for each TU. Embryos from six periods of development were then exposed to their respective LV50 voltages in varying conductive waters (20-600uS/cm). Susceptibility to direct DC voltages increased with voltage but overall susceptibility decreased with development. Susceptibility to a constant voltage increased with increasing conductivity and was consistent throughout early development (81TU-292TU), but the effects of increased conductivity were not enhanced in eyed embryos after 364TU. Results indicate that direct DC current applied prior to eyed embryonic stages, the period of greatest trout embryo susceptibility, is an effective means of eradicating invasive and nuisance salmonids
Patients’ Expectations Regarding Medical Treatment: A Critical Review of Concepts and Their Assessment
Runtime Resolution of Feature Interactions through Adaptive Requirement Weakening
The feature interaction problem occurs when two or more independently
developed components interact with each other in unanticipated ways, resulting
in undesirable system behaviors. Feature interaction problems remain a
challenge for emerging domains in cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as the
Internet of Things and autonomous drones. Existing techniques for resolving
feature interactions take a "winner-takes-all" approach, where one out of the
conflicting features is selected as the most desirable one, and the rest are
disabled. However, when multiple of the conflicting features fulfill important
system requirements, being forced to select one of them can result in an
undesirable system outcome. In this paper, we propose a new resolution approach
that allows all of the conflicting features to continue to partially fulfill
their requirements during the resolution process. In particular, our approach
leverages the idea of adaptive requirement weakening, which involves one or
more features temporarily weakening their level of performance in order to
co-exist with the other features in a consistent manner. Given feature
requirements specified in Signal Temporal Logic (STL), we propose an automated
method and a runtime architecture for automatically weakening the requirements
to resolve a conflict. We demonstrate our approach through case studies on
feature interactions in autonomous drones.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to SEAMS conferenc
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