Channel fading attenuation based on rainfall rate for future 5G wireless communication system over 38-GHz

In this paper, the effect of heavy rainfall on the propagation of a 38-GHz in a tropical region was studied and analyzed. Real measurement was collected, with a path length of 300 meters, for a (5G) radio linkage in Malaysia, installed at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru campus. The employed system entails an Ericsson MINI-Link 38 E-0.6 mm, with a horizontal polarization (HP) antenna at the top integrated with a rain gauge and a data logger. Daily registered samples with a single minute span, for a full study period of 1 month, were collected and evaluated. The obtained rain rate was found as 56 mm/hr with a specific rain attenuation of 18.4 dB/km for 0.01% of the time. In addition to that, a calculated average rain attenuation of 5.5 dB for the transmission path of 300 meters length, was calculated. Based on these findings, a recommendation to update the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specification of the rain attenuation for Malaysia is proposed. Based on the results, we suggest shifting the zone classification of Malaysia from zone P to zone N-P. Therefore, accurate design for future 5G systems would rely on more precise estimated attenuation levels leading to enhanced performance

The Sources of Electronic Readings and Their Preferred Fields by the Faculty of Education's Students

The goal of the study was to identify the sources of electronic readings. The study also aimed to identify the reading fields of interest and their relation with the following student factors: (major, reading hours and GPA). The study was conducted at the Faculty of Education, PNU on a sample of female students. The students were majoring in (Teachers of primary classes, psychology, and special education). There were 592 respondents. The two researchers used a survey that included a list of the most important sources of electronic readings and preferred reading fields. The results were as follows: 1- Favorite electronic reading sources (e-mail, WhatsApp, Twitter, BlackBerry program and educational Web sites respectively). 2- Favorite reading areas were: (Women, Religion, Health, Stories and the different customs and traditions of people respectively). 3- There were no statistically significant differences between electronic reading sources and reading areas related to the variables (specialization, reading hours or GPA)

A Model for Maintenance Planning and Process Quality Control Optimization Based on EWMA and CUSUM Control Charts

The performance of a production system is highly dependent on the smooth operation of various equipment and processes. Thus, reducing failures of the equipment and processes in a cost-effective manner improves overall performance; this is often achieved by carrying out maintenance and quality control policies. In this study, an integrated optimization method that addresses both maintenance strategies and quality control practices is proposed using an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart, in which both corrective and preventive maintenance policies are considered. The integrated model has been proposed to find optimal decision variables of both the process quality decision parameters and the optimal interval of preventive maintenance (i.e., Ns, Hs, L, λ, and t_PM) to result in overall optimal expected hourly total system costs. A case study is then utilized to investigate the impact of cost criteria on the proposed integrated model and to compare the proposed model with a model using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart. The improved model outputs indicate that there is a reduction of 34.6% in the total expected costs compared with those of the other model using the CUSUM chart. Finally, an analysis of sensitivity to present the effectiveness of the model parameters and the main variables in the overall costs of the system is provided