683 research outputs found
Nonparametric estimation of multivariate convex-transformed densities
We study estimation of multivariate densities of the form
for and for a fixed monotone function and an unknown
convex function . The canonical example is for ; in this case, the resulting class of densities [\mathcal
{P}(e^{-y})={p=\exp(-g):g is convex}] is well known as the class of log-concave
densities. Other functions allow for classes of densities with heavier
tails than the log-concave class. We first investigate when the maximum
likelihood estimator exists for the class for
various choices of monotone transformations , including decreasing and
increasing functions . The resulting models for increasing transformations
extend the classes of log-convex densities studied previously in the
econometrics literature, corresponding to . We then establish
consistency of the maximum likelihood estimator for fairly general functions
, including the log-concave class and many others. In
a final section, we provide asymptotic minimax lower bounds for the estimation
of and its vector of derivatives at a fixed point under natural
smoothness hypotheses on and . The proofs rely heavily on results from
convex analysis.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOS840 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Possibilities and features of zero-ischemia nephron-sparing surgery in localized kidney cancer
Kidney cancer (KCa) is one of the greatest challenges in oncological urology due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rates annually. In the treatment of KCa, preservation of renal function is an important objective, in addition to achieving oncological results. The article presents the experience of treatment of 175 KCa-patients of pT1a β T2aN0M0 stages, who underwent nephron-saving surgery (NSS) with preventive hemostatic sutures. Functional outcomes of NSS were studied in the groups without cross-linking (group 1; n = 150) and with cross-linking of the renal pedicle (group 2; n = 25). Kidney resection with prophylactic suturing has been shown to allow removal of a tumour of almost any localisation. By avoiding cross-linking of the renal pedicle during surgery, post-ischemic changes in the renal parenchyma are minimised. Thus, one month after surgery, the perfusion indexes in groups 1 & 2 were 45.2 Β± 3.0% vs 35.5 Β± 3.3%; renal indexes were 44.8 Β± 2.4% vs 39.1 Β± 1.4%; areas of the functioning parenchyma were 52.0 Β± 10.0% vs 35.0 Β± 9.0%, respectively
Bi-log-concave distribution functions
Nonparametric statistics for distribution functions F or densities f=F' under
qualitative shape constraints provides an interesting alternative to classical
parametric or entirely nonparametric approaches. We contribute to this area by
considering a new shape constraint: F is said to be bi-log-concave, if both
log(F) and log(1 - F) are concave. Many commonly considered distributions are
compatible with this constraint. For instance, any c.d.f. F with log-concave
density f = F' is bi-log-concave. But in contrast to the latter constraint,
bi-log-concavity allows for multimodal densities. We provide various
characterizations. It is shown that combining any nonparametric confidence band
for F with the new shape-constraint leads to substantial improvements,
particularly in the tails. To pinpoint this, we show that these confidence
bands imply non-trivial confidence bounds for arbitrary moments and the moment
generating function of F
Development of context training ideas for the organization of industrial training in college
ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉThe authors substantiate the advisability of using contextual learning technology for industrial training of college students in order to optimize the formation of their professional competence
Prognosis of recurrent myocardial infarction based on shortliffe fuzzy models using the electrical characteristics of biologically active points
This report discusses the employment of the electrical characteristics of biologically active points (BAP) in the meridian of the heart to solve the task of prognosticating recurrence of myocardial infarctions during the rehabilitation period using fuzzy decision rule
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ° 80 Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Objectives. We hereby describe an improvement of a previously developed quantification technique for polysorbate 80 in biopharmaceutical formulations (darbepoetin alfa and eculizumab) and report the validation of the new approach.Methods. Polysorbate was isolated from analyte samples by protein precipitation using an organic solvent, followed by supernatant evaporation in vacuum. Polysorbate was derivatized using a ferric thiocyanate reagent and extracted into an organic phase; the relevant optical density measurements were performed.Results. We established the optimal conditions for each step of the analysis procedure. The accuracy was 97β102% in the tested analytical range, the relative standard deviation did not exceed 5%, and the limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/mL.Conclusions. The reported approach is highly sensitive; polysorbate isolation and quantification do not depend on the matrix or, most importantly, the protein.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ° 80 Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
(Π΄Π°ΡΠ±ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ±Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ±Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎβΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ; Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 97β102%, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 5%, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ 0.01 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ».ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°
A STUDY OF EXTREMISM AS A COMPLEX INTER-BRANCH CONCEPT
Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate extremism as a complex inter-branch concept which complicates law enforcement practice.
Methodology: This is an analytic-dialectical research whose data are obtained through the analysis of historical, legal and sociological texts and data.
Main Findings: When defining extremism in the basic law of anti-extremist legislation, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that the phenomenon, the concept of which should be formulated, is manifested in different spheres of social and political life. In conclusion, extremism creates an ideological basis for terrorism, but the acts of terrorism go beyond the concept of extremism.
Applications: This article can be used by regional schools, cultural organizations and universities.
Novelty/Originality: In this study, correlation between the phenomena of terrorism and extremism has been studied on the basis of definition for terrorist act given in part 1 of article 205 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation
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