Management of neglected post-traumatic ipsilateral distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysiodeses in adolescent: Case report

Introduction: It is important to remember the risk of post-traumatic epiphysiodesis in the context of high-speed impacts around the knee. This clinical case illustrates the risk of lower limb length discrepancy resulting from this, the treatment and management thereof. This case is unique in that it presents two ipsilateral distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysiodeses, with secondary inequality of these two bone segments. Case presentation: A 13-year-old adolescent is managed for a displaced diaphyseal fracture of the distal femur. He undergoes surgery for this fracture. He suffered high velocity trauma and is also likely to have suffered Salter V trauma to his distal femoral and proximal tibial ipsilateral physes. The consequence is an unequal length of the tibias and femurs. A femoral lengthening is performed and allows to restore a symmetry of the femurs. The asymmetry of the tibias is neglected, and a residual asymmetry persists and will be corrected later. Discussion: The important elements on the management of high-speed trauma around the knee are recalled. A good assessment of bone growth is necessary and individualized treatment should be chosen. This case is particularly interesting because of the nature of the injuries, their consequences and their treatment. Unfortunately, neglecting the suspicion of physes injuries (especially in proximal tibial) is to be noted

The proneural genes NEUROD1 and NEUROD2 are expressed during human trophoblast invasion

During early human pregnancy, extravillous trophoblast cells invade the maternal tissue of the uterus in a way similar to invasion by cancer cells. However, the process of trophoblast invasion is regulated in a time and place restricted way, in contrast to cancer invasion. We screened first trimester placental tissue enriched by extravillous invasive trophoblasts for the expression of proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, which are important controllers of cell fate. Surprisingly, the presence of NEUROD1, NEUROD2 and ATH2 transcripts was found by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in first trimester placentabed. Of these genes, the proneural genes NEUROD1 and NEUROD2 are expressed in different subsets of invasive trophoblasts. NEUROD1 expression is found in interstitial and endovascular invasive cells, while NEUROD2 expression is observed mainly in endovascular invasive cells, respectively. These data suggest that in addition to the involvement of proneural genes in neuron, neurendocrine and pancreas differentiation, these genes are involved in trophoblast differentation during progression of invasio

A study of magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of 0.95 (La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3)/0.05CuO composites prepared by spray drying

This study presents an investigation of the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the 0.95(La0.45Nd0.25)Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO polycrystalline composite. The investigated composite materials are elaborated by combining both solid-state reaction and spray-drying method at the pilot-scale aiming to obtain a homogeneous composite material with controlled morphology and regular particles size. The structure, microstructure, magnetism and magnetocaloric features of the synthesized materials are investigated by using several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Magnetic measurements. The XRD and SEM data confirm the co-existence of perovskite and copper oxide phases. The magnetization data unveil that the studied composite exhibits a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition close to room-temperature (TC = 295 K). More importantly, its magnetocaloric effect in terms of the entropy change remains similar to that of (La0.45Nd0.25)Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO only synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction technique. This points out the possibility of upscaling the production of magnetocaloric oxides to industrial levels using the spray-drying technique