The Single Port Window.

International trade remains truly the engine of the world economy. Its growth follows the trends of economic indicators. Trade facilitation is now more important than ever for the development and trade competitiveness of developing countries. Given the needs of global supply chains and international logistics networks, it is essential that border crossings take place quickly and in a predictable manner. The single port window aims to guarantee high reliability in import and export procedures, while reducing the time it takes for goods to pass through the port. It manages the physical, administrative, commercial and customs follow-up of the goods, allowing the dematerialized accomplishment of customs and fiscal administrative formalities related to port operations. The concept of Single Window for Foreign Trade finds all its importance in the search for optimization of logistics and formalities of Foreign Trade. It is not insignificant that the development of this modality is today the main concern of economies which are banking on the exponential growth of their foreign trade

Robotics and Vibration Mechanics

Robotics and vibration mechanics are among the main research areas in mechanical engineering [...

Nonlinear control of multibody flexible mechanisms: A model-free approach

In this paper a novel nonlinear controller for position and vibration control of flexible-link mechanisms is introduced. The proposed control strategy is model-free and does not require the measurement of the elastic deformation of the mechanism, since the control relies only on the knowledge of the angular position of the actuator and on its time derivative, which can be measured simply with a quadrature encoder. The conditions for the closed-loop stability are evaluated using Lyapunov theory. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on a four-bar flexible-link mechanism. Superior vibration damping and more accurate trajectory tracking is obtained in comparison with a PD controller and a fractional order controller, which relies on the same set of measurement as the proposed nonlinear controller

Enhancing fluency and productivity in human-robot collaboration through online scaling of dynamic safety zones

Industrial collaborative robotics is promising for manufacturing activities where the presence of a robot alongside a human operator can improve operator’s working conditions, flexibility, and productivity. A collaborative robotic application has to guarantee not only safety of the human operator, but also fluency in the collaboration, as well as performance in terms of productivity and task time. In this paper, we present an approach to enhance fluency and productivity in human-robot collaboration through online scaling of dynamic safety zones. A supervisory controller runs online safety checks between bounding volumes enclosing robot and human to identify possible collision dangers. To optimize the sizes of safety zones enclosing the manipulator, the method minimizes the time of potential stop trajectories considering the robot dynamics and its torque constraints, and leverages the directed speed of the robot parts with respect to the human. Simulations and experimental tests on a seven-degree-of-freedom robotic arm verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and collaborative fluency metrics show the benefits of the method with respect to existing approaches

Fiscal residua and federalist reform in Italy. Will regional and redistributive policies survive?

This paper criticizes the idea to conceive the fiscal federalist reform in Italy as a tool to empower central-northern regions to retain resources otherwise wasted in the South. We argue that such a view muddles up efficiency and redistribution issues, thus threatening the legitimate inter-regional fiscal flows. To dispute the thesis of excessive transfers to Mezzogiorno regions, we first show that the regional distribution of (both current and capital) government expenditure has systematically penalized the South in the last 15 years. Secondly, for the years 2004-2006, we calculate «benchmark» regional fiscal residua, consistent with the progressive Italian personal taxation (IRPEF), and the announced targets of regional policies (45% of total capital government expenditure to be made in the South). For most centre-northern regions, the actual residua turn out to be lower than the «benchmark» ones.Mezzogiorno, redistribution, inter-governmental relations, federalism, regional development policies

Perceptions Regarding Distance Learning in Higher Education, Smoothing the Transition.

This paper presents the perceptions on distance learning approaches, assessed through an online survey, using experimental design of ideas (Mind Genomics). Students and professors of higher education institutions who had not yet experienced distance learning before COVID-19 pandemic period participated in the study. The participants belong to the universities located in Mediterranean basin, e.g., Albania, Italy, Morocco, Algeria and few African countries. Results suggest that distance learning will shift many of the responsibilities formerly on the professors to those of the students. The data suggests the need for emotional support during this transition, specifically to maintain interaction among students and professor as well as among students themselves in distance learning platforms as in traditional classrooms. The study shows that the effectiveness and the interactivity of this new paradigm are very important and any further developments of distance learning should provide strong support for these components. The position of the professor is indispensable as the guide to the entire process, suggesting that at least at the time of this writing (2020) distance learning approach is perceived only to be an intermittent complementary path to in-person interactions

Estimating Natural Frequencies of Cartesian 3D Printer Based on Kinematic Scheme

Nowadays, 3D printers based on Cartesian kinematics are becoming extremely popular due to their reliability and inexpensiveness. In the early stages of the 3D printer design, once it is chosen to use the Cartesian kinematics, it is always necessary to select relative positions of axes and linear drives (prismatic joints), which would be optimal for the particular specification. Within the class of Cartesian mechanics, many designs are possible. Using the Euler–Lagrange formalism, this paper introduces a method for estimating the natural frequencies of Cartesian 3D printers based on the kinematic scheme. Comparison with the finite element method and experimental validation of the proposed method are given. The method can help to develop preliminary designs of Cartesian 3D printers and is especially useful for emerging 3D-printing technologies