Custo e rentabilidade da atividade de extração de açaí em áreas de baixio na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Seringais Porvir, Filipinas, Etelvi, no Acre.

A comercialização do açaí está se destacando como uma das principais potencialidades para o uso de produtos florestais não-madeireiros, apresentando demanda crescente tanto no mercado nacional como internacional. Na Amazônia existem duas espécies de palmeiras utilizadas para a produção do açaí: Euterpe precatoria e Euterpe oleracea. Devido à crescente importância deste produto no mercado, avaliaram-se o custo e a rentabilidade do sistema extrativo para produção do açaí (E. precatoria) em áreas de baixio, localizadas na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Município de Brasiléia, Estado do Acre, e trabalhadas com orientação da Universidade Federal do Acre (Ufac) e Embrapa Acre.bitstream/CPAF-AC-2010/21171/1/comunicado170.pd

Dinâmica de decomposição e composição química de palhada de cana-de-açúcar no Cerrado.

A decomposição de resíduos vegetais de cana-de-açúcar dispensa a queima da palhada e promove melhorias na conservação do solo com a redução de perdas de água e de nutrientes. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as relações entre a decomposição da palhada e a composição química desses resíduos em área de cana-de-açúcar na Usina Goiasa, em Goiatuba GO-Brasil. As amostras foram armazenadas em litter bags e colocadas no campo, sob a camada de palhada de cana-de-açúcar, sendo retiradas periodicamente durante 563 dias para a quantificação da decomposição, análise bromatológica (lignina, FDA e FDN) e de nitrogênio (N) total dos resíduos remanescentes. A meia vida dos resíduos de cana-de-açúcar foi de 118 dias. Após 365 dias a quantidade remanescente de resíduos foi de 36% em relação à massa inicial. Os teores de N total aumentaram ao longo das fases de decomposição dos resíduos e diminuíram apenas a partir dos 330 dias de decomposição. A decomposição relativamente lenta dos resíduos vegetais de cana-de-açúcar pode ser atribuída aos valores bastante elevados de C/N e lignina/N nesses resíduos, onde houve forte correlação entre quantidade de resíduos remanescentes, e o decaimento de celulose e C:N

The modified patient enablement instrument: a Portuguese cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability study

"Article number: 16087"Enabling patients with asthma to obtain the knowledge, confidence and skills they need in order to assume a major role in the management of their disease is cost effective. It should be an integral part of any plan for long-term control of asthma. The modified Patient Enablement Instrument (mPEI) is an easily administered questionnaire that was adapted in the United Kingdom to measure patient enablement in asthma, but its applicability in Portugal is not known. Validity and reliability of questionnaires should be tested before use in settings different from those of the original version. The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the mPEI to Portuguese asthma patients after translation and cross-cultural adaptation, and to verify the structural validity, internal consistency and reproducibility of the instrument. The mPEI was translated to Portuguese and back translated to English. Its content validity was assessed by a debriefing interview with 10 asthma patients. The translated instrument was then administered to a random sample of 142 patients with persistent asthma. Structural validity and internal consistency were assessed. For reproducibility analysis, 86 patients completed the instrument again 7 days later. Item-scale correlations and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess structural validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of reproducibility. All items of the Portuguese version of the mPEI were found to be equivalent to the original English version. There were strong item-scale correlations that confirmed construct validity, with a one component structure and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.8) as well as high test-retest reliability (ICC=0.85). The mPEI showed sound psychometric properties for the evaluation of enablement in patients with asthma making it a reliable instrument for use in research and clinical practice in Portugal. Further studies are needed to confirm its responsiveness.Financial support for this work was provided by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE and National Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038, and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Street food in Maputo, Mozambique: The coexistence of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in a country under nutrition transition

The aim was to characterise the extent of processing and nutritional composition of the street foods offered in Maputo, Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October November 2014 in the urban district of KaMpfumu. Twenty public transport stops were randomly selected, around which 500 meters buffers were drawn. All streets within these buffers were can-vassed to identify all street food vending sites. Street food offer was assessed through interviews. Nutritional composition was estimated using standardised recipes (for homemade foods), food labels (for industrial products) and food composition tables (for in natura foods). The processing extent was classified using the NOVA food classification. A total of 810 vending sites were assessed. Unprocessed/minimally processed foods were available at 70.5% of vending sites (mainly fruit, water, and tea) and ultra-processed foods at 59.0% (mostly cakes, cookies, confectionery, and soft drinks). Energy content per 100 g of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was significantly lower than in all other food groups. In all food groups, contribution to total energy value was highest for carbohydrates (range: 33.151.2%), followed by fats (range: 29.336.0%) and protein (range: 6.818.6%). Public health policies targeting the improvement of this urban food environment should consider not only the nutritional composition but also the processing extent of the foods and beverages available. (c) 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland