The genetic basis of endometriosis and comorbidity with other pain and inflammatory conditions

Endometriosis is a common condition associated with debilitating pelvic pain and infertility. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis, including 60,674 cases and 701,926 controls of European and East Asian descent, identified 42 genome-wide significant loci comprising 49 distinct association signals. Effect sizes were largest for stage 3/4 disease, driven by ovarian endometriosis. Identified signals explained up to 5.01% of disease variance and regulated expression or methylation of genes in endometrium and blood, many of which were associated with pain perception/maintenance (SRP14/BMF, GDAP1, MLLT10, BSN and NGF). We observed significant genetic correlations between endometriosis and 11 pain conditions, including migraine, back and multisite chronic pain (MCP), as well as inflammatory conditions, including asthma and osteoarthritis. Multitrait genetic analyses identified substantial sharing of variants associated with endometriosis and MCP/migraine. Targeted investigations of genetically regulated mechanisms shared between endometriosis and other pain conditions are needed to aid the development of new treatments and facilitate early symptomatic intervention

The genetic basis of endometriosis and comorbidity with other pain and inflammatory conditions

Endometriosis is a common condition associated with debilitating pelvic pain and infertility. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis, including 60,674 cases and 701,926 controls of European and East Asian descent, identified 42 genome-wide significant loci comprising 49 distinct association signals. Effect sizes were largest for stage 3/4 disease, driven by ovarian endometriosis. Identified signals explained up to 5.01% of disease variance and regulated expression or methylation of genes in endometrium and blood, many of which were associated with pain perception/maintenance (SRP14/BMF, GDAP1, MLLT10, BSN and NGF). We observed significant genetic correlations between endometriosis and 11 pain conditions, including migraine, back and multisite chronic pain (MCP), as well as inflammatory conditions, including asthma and osteoarthritis. Multitrait genetic analyses identified substantial sharing of variants associated with endometriosis and MCP/migraine. Targeted investigations of genetically regulated mechanisms shared between endometriosis and other pain conditions are needed to aid the development of new treatments and facilitate early symptomatic intervention

"Medical cannabis" – compendium of pharmacist’s knowledge

The year 2019 was a breakthrough in the availability of cannabis herb for Polish patients. Three months after being registered, the first dried hemp preparation hit the market. This fact has created new therapeutic options for patients. It also set new challenges for pharmacists. The imminent interest in the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa is evidenced by the huge number of papers on the pharmacological properties of cannabis compounds and very numerous clinical trials. The aim of this work was to present practical aspects of the presence of medical cannabis in Polish pharmacies. The year 2019 was a breakthrough in the availability of cannabis herb for Polish patients. Three months after being registered, the first dried hemp preparation hit the market. This fact has created new therapeutic options for patients. It also set new challenges for pharmacists. The imminent interest in the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa is evidenced by the huge number of papers on the pharmacological properties of cannabis compounds and very numerous clinical trials. The aim of this work was to present practical aspects of the presence of medical cannabis in Polish pharmacies. The year 2019 was a breakthrough in the availability of cannabis herb for Polish patients. Three months after being registered, the first dried hemp preparation hit the market. This fact has created new therapeutic options for patients. It also set new challenges for pharmacists. The imminent interest in the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa is evidenced by the huge number of papers on the pharmacological properties of cannabis compounds and very numerous clinical trials. The aim of this work was to present practical aspects of the presence of medical cannabis in Polish pharmacies. The year 2019 was a breakthrough in the availability of cannabis herb for Polish patients. Three months after being registered, the first dried hemp preparation hit the market. This fact has created new therapeutic options for patients. It also set new challenges for pharmacists. The imminent interest in the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa is evidenced by the huge number of papers on the pharmacological properties of cannabis compounds and very numerous clinical trials. The aim of this work was to present practical aspects of the presence of medical cannabis in Polish pharmacies.Rok 2019 był przełomowy w kwestii dostępności ziela konopi dla polskich pacjentów. Po trzech miesiącach od zarejestrowania na rynek trafił pierwszy preparat suszu konopi. Fakt ten stworzył nowe możliwości terapii dla pacjentów. Postawił również nowe wyzwania dla farmaceutów. O niegasnącym zainteresowaniu terapeutycznego zastosowania Cannabis sativa świadczy ogromna ilość publikacji dotyczących farmakologicznych właściwości składników konopi oraz bardzo licznie prowadzone badania kliniczne. Celem pracy było przybliżenie praktycznych aspektów obecności suszu konopnego w polskich aptekach

Chloride ions action on decalcifing cement paste

The paper presents the problem of progress diffusion of chloride ions into the hydrated cement paste with simultaneously changing of discontinuities and crystalline phases’ amount depending on the distance from the external layer of the sample as a result of interaction mechanism of ammonium chloride with the paste. Experience confirmed the disappearance of lime phases of the hydrated cement paste and capillaries widening during NH4Cl diffusion. Friedel’s salt, formed before, and constituting a buffer before reinforcement corrosion, also dissolved during process of pH lowering. The described corrosion process is rapid due to the releasing of ammonia gas from the reaction medium