Over-the-Counter Market Quotations

Chapter VII of the Report of Special Study of Securities Markets of the Securities and Exchange Commission focused attention upon the little understood and often perplexing problems presented by the quotations for over-the-counter stocks which appear regularly in the newspapers-the so-called retail quotations system. The Report was quite critical of the existing retail quotations system, concluding that it was inconsistent with the general philosophy of full disclosure elsewhere applied in the administration of the federal securities laws and, in fact, operated to conceal what elsewhere in the securities business is considered essential to be disclosed. While there does not appear to be unanimity in the securities industry with respect to the efficacy of the system, it is vigorously defended by its supporters as important, if not essential, to the business survival of smaller over-the-counter dealers and to the liquidity of the markets in many securities. It seems clear, therefore, that the problem warrants the attention which it will undoubtedly receive, both from the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) and from the Securities and Exchange Commission

Matrix-seeded growth of nitride semiconductor nanostructures using ion beams

We have examined the matrix-seeded growth of narrow-gap nitride nanostructures in nitrogen ion implanted GaAs and InAs. Low-energy implantation followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) results in the formation of 2–3 nm sized amorphous precipitates in a crystalline matrix. On the other hand, high-energy implantation results in an amorphous layer, with or without crystalline remnants. When the ion-beam-synthesized amorphous matrix is a continuous amorphous layer, subsequent RTA leads to the formation of 4–5 nm zinc blende (ZB)-GaN-rich crystallites in an amorphous matrix. When this matrix contains crystalline remnants, subsequent RTA leads to the formation of 2–4 nm ZB-GaN-rich crystallites within the amorphous regions. These results suggest that the matrix plays an important role in the nucleation and growth of narrow-gap nitride nanostructures, and that matrix-seeded growth may provide an opportunity to control the structure and properties of the nanostructures.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87633/2/064301_1.pd

Analysis of TiN by charged particle beams: Nuclear reaction analysis, nuclear reaction broadening and Rutherford backscattering

Charged particle beams have been used to extract data both on the composition and also on the thickness of two series of TiNx films (about 5 and 2 [mu]m thick respectively), where x varied from 0.3 to 1.0. The technique used were nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), resonance nuclear reaction broadening (NRB) and Rutherford backscattering, together with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The data from the NRB depth profiles scale remarkably well with the results from AES. The NRA results have the greatest experimental uncertainty and also indicate a systematic error which is not understood. Both NRA and NRB can return reliable film thickness data. It is also demonstrated that TiC should not be used as a reference standard when analyzing TiN films by AES.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27028/1/0000016.pd

Kinstate intervention in ethnic conflicts : Albania and Turkey compared

Albania and Turkey did not act in overtly irredentist ways towards their ethnic brethren in neighboring states after the end of communism. Why, nonetheless, did Albania facilitate the increase of ethnic conflict in Kosovo and Macedonia, while Turkey did not, with respect to the Turks of Bulgaria? I argue that kin-states undergoing transition are more prone to intervene in external conflicts than states that are not, regardless of the salience of minority demands in the host-state. The transition weakens the institutions of the kin-state. Experiencing limited institutional constraints, self-seeking state officials create alliances with secessionist and autonomist movements across borders alongside their own ideological, clan-based and particularistic interests. Such alliances are often utilized to advance radical domestic agendas. Unlike in Albania's transition environment, in Turkey there were no emerging elites that could potentially form alliances and use external movements to legitimize their own domestic existence or claims

Evolution of structural and optical properties of ion-beam synthesized GaAsN nanostructures

We have investigated the evolution of structural and optical properties of GaAsN nanostructures synthesized by N ion implantation into epitaxial GaAs, followed by rapid thermal annealing. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction indicate the formation of nanometer-sized crystallites with lattice parameters close to those of pure zincblende GaN. The average crystallite size increases with annealing temperature while the size distribution is self-similar and the volume fraction remains constant, suggesting a coarsening process governed by Ostwald ripening. These GaAsN nanostructures exhibit significant photoluminescence in the near infrared range. The apparent lowering of the fundamental band gap is likely due to the incorporation of a small amount of As in GaN. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70225/2/JAPIAU-92-7-4012-1.pd

How ready is China for a China-style world order? China's state media discourse under construction

What exactly is the China-style world order that Chinese officials and intellectual elites have recently been talking about, and how ready is China for it? An examination and analysis of discourses on ‘Africa Live’ on CCTV Africa, the first overseas news center of China Central Television (CCTV), yields some highly noticeable features and significant themes, confirming that although China has shifted from a low-profile approach to a more assertive one, in an attempt to change the global order, its verbal challenge and sometimes harsh criticism of the American-led international system is accompanied by an obvious absence of a clear vision of what the new world order should be like. This lack of a clear vision may be due to the fact that the Chinese discourse on world order is still a work in progress, constrained by internal practices, and Africa is its testing ground for the construction of a discourse that China envisages as an alternative

Everyday legitimacy and international administration: global governance and local legitimacy in Kosovo

International administrations are a very specific form of statebuilding. This paper examines the limits illustrated by the experience in Kosovo. Here, the international administration faced the same requirements of any legitimate, Liberal government, but without the checks and balances normally associated with Liberal governance. Thus, the international administration was granted full authority and the power thereby associated, but without the legitimacy upon which the Liberal social contract rests. The state-building agenda put forth came to be seen as more exogenous, reinforcing the delegitimization process. This paper will specifically address the influence of the Weberian approach to legitimacy on the statebuilding literature, as well as its limits. It will then propose other possible avenues for statebuilding, more in line with a wider understanding of legitimacy and intervention