Generalized Toda Field Theories

In this paper we introduce a unified approach to Toda field theories which allows us to formulate the classes of $A_n$, $B_n$ and $C_n$ models as unique models involving an arbitrary continuous parameter $\nu$. For certain values of $\nu$, the model describes the standard Toda theories. For other values of $\nu$ it defines a class of models that involve infinitely many fields. These models interpolate between the various standard Toda field theories. They are conformally invariant and possess infinitely many conserved higher-spin currents thus making them candidates for a new set of integrable systems. A general construction is performed, which can effectively be used for the derivation of explicit forms of particular higher-spin currents. We also study the currents in a different representation in which they are linear in the dynamical variables having, however, a non-linear Poisson bracket algebra. An explicit formula for this Poisson structure is found.Comment: 35 pages, latex, no figures; submitted to Nucl. Phys.

SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES BY BLUE-GREEN ALGAE Spirulina platensis

Kalabegishvili T. et al. E14-2012-31 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Blue-Green Algae Spirulina platensis The synthesis of gold nanoparticles by one of the many popular microorganisms Å blue-green algae Spirulina platensis was studied. The complex of optical and analytical methods was applied for investigation of experimental samples after exposure to chloroaurate (HAuCl4) solution at different doses and for different time intervals. To characterize formed gold nanoparticles UV-vis, TEM, SEM, EDAX, and XRD were used. It was shown that after 1.5Ä2 days of exposure the extracellular formation of nanoparticles of spherical form and the distribution peak within the interval of 20Ä30 nm took place. To determine gold concentrations in the Spirulina platensis biomass, neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were applied. The results obtained evidence that the concentration of gold accumulated by Spirulina biomass is rapidly growing in the beginning, followed by some increase for the next few days. The obtained substance of Spirulina biomass with gold nanoparticles may be used for medical, pharmaceutical, and technological purposes. The investigation has been performed a

Indicadores de sustentabilidad de un sistema agroforestal para el uso racional del agua del humedal La Segua, Cantón Chone, Ecuador

The scheme is specifically adjusted for the La Segua Wetland area, located in the Chone Canton of the Province of Manabí, the objective of this work is to generate a preliminary instrument to assess the incidence of the Agroforestry System (SAF) as an alternative for the efficient use of water. The study methodology is based on the principles of agroecology and is designed based on the integration of diagnostic and evaluation methods used by Santiago Sarandón to achieve the proposed objective. It is proposed to develop the social, economic and environmental indicators for the evaluation of the systems, as well as to propose agroforestry planning for the protection of wetland water bodies. In this context, it contributes to the efficiency of adequate water use for agricultural and ecotourism activities; activities that can cause a great imbalance in the agrobiodiversity of the ecosystem to studyEl esquema se ajusta específicamente para la zona del Humedal la Segua, ubicada en el Cantón Chone de la Provincia de Manabí, el objetivo de este trabajo es el de generar un instrumento preliminar para de evaluar la incidencia de un Sistema Agroforestal (SAF) como alternativa para el uso eficiente del agua. La metodología de estudio se fundamenta en los principios de la agroecología y se diseña a partir de la integración de métodos de diagnóstico y evaluación utilizados por Santiago Sarandón para lograr el objetivo propuesto. Se propone elaborar los indicadores social, económico y ambiental para la evaluación de los sistemas, así como también proponer una planificación agroforestal para la protección de los cuerpos de agua del humedal. En este contexto, se contribuye a la eficiencia del uso adecuado del aguapara las actividades agropecuarias y ecoturísticas; actividades que pueden ocasionar un gran desbalance en la agrobiodiversidad del ecosistema a estudiar