1,024 research outputs found
Prediction models for short children born small for gestational age (SGA) covering the total growth phase. Analyses based on data from KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mathematical models can be developed to predict growth in short children treated with growth hormone (GH). These models can serve to optimize and individualize treatment in terms of height outcomes and costs. The aims of this study were to compile existing prediction models for short children born SGA (SGA), to develop new models and to validate the algorithms.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Existing models to predict height velocity (HV) for the first two and the fourth prepubertal years and during total pubertal growth (TPG) on GH were applied to SGA children from the KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database) - 1<sup>st </sup>year: N = 2340; 2<sup>nd </sup>year: N = 1358; 4<sup>th </sup>year: N = 182; TPG: N = 59. A new prediction model was developed for the 3<sup>rd </sup>prepubertal year based upon 317 children by means of the all-possible regression approach, using Mallow's C(p) criterion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The comparison between the observed and predicted height velocity showed no significant difference when the existing prediction models were applied to new cohorts. A model for predicting HV during the 3<sup>rd </sup>year explained 33% of the variability with an error SD of 1.0 cm/year. The predictors were (in order of importance): HV previous year; chronological age; weight SDS; mid-parent height SDS and GH dose.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Models to predict growth to GH from prepubertal years to adult height are available for short children born SGA. The models utilize easily accessible predictors and are accurate. The overall explained variability in SGA is relatively low, due to the heterogeneity of the disorder. The models can be used to provide patients with a realistic expectation of treatment, and may help to identify compliance problems or other underlying causes of treatment failure.</p
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ IoT-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (IoT) ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (M2M - machine-to-machine), ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.Most of the discussions around the phenomenon of the Internet of Things (IoT) usually boils down to those potential benefits for the business and to those amenities for users that provide intelligent devices and objects that surround us daily. However, how the Internet of things and the industrial Internet of things (M2M - machine-to-machine), that is, the wireless transmission of data and information between devices and objects, can have a beneficial effect on our lives and will contribute to sustainable development and the protection of the environment on the planet
Development of the heat and mass transfer model for the study of the temperature traces water droplets in a flame
The heat and mass transfer model is developed with using Ansys Fluent. The typical temperature of gases in the trace of water droplets is determined (initial temperature of gases 1170 Π). Several types for the location of water droplets are studied: two successive water droplets; two parallel water droplets; five water droplets in checkerboard order. The hypothesis about gas temperature reduction in the trace of a moving liquid is confirmed
The first-year growth response to growth hormone treatment predicts the long-term prepubertal growth response in children
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pretreatment auxological variables, such as birth size and parental heights, are important predictors of the growth response to GH treatment. For children with missing pretreatment data, published prediction models cannot be used.</p> <p>The objective was to construct and validate a prediction model for children with missing background data based on the observed first-year growth response to GH. The accuracy and reliability of the model should be comparable with our previously published prediction model relying on pretreatment data. The design used was mathematical curve fitting on observed growth response data from children treated with a GH dose of 33 ΞΌg/kg/d.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Growth response data from 162 prepubertal children born at term were used to construct the model; the group comprised of 19% girls, 80% GH-deficient and 23% born SGA. For validation, data from 205 other children fulfilling the same inclusion and treatment criteria as the model group were used. The model was also tested on data from children born prematurely, children from other continents and children receiving a GH dose of 67 ΞΌg/kg/d.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The GH response curve was similar for all children, but with an individual amplitude. The curve SD score depends on an individual factor combining the effect of dose and growth, the 'Response Score', and time on treatment, making prediction possible when the first-year growth response is known. The prediction interval (Β± 2 SD<sub>res</sub>) was Β± 0.34 SDS for the second treatment year growth response, corresponding to Β± 1.2 cm for a 3-year-old child and Β± 1.8 cm for a 7-year-old child. For the 1β4-year prediction, the SD<sub>res </sub>was 0.13 SDS/year and for the 1β7-year prediction it was 0.57 SDS (i.e. < 0.1 SDS/year).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The model based on the observed first-year growth response on GH is valid worldwide for the prediction of up to 7 years of prepubertal growth in children with GHD/ISS, born AGA/SGA and born preterm/term, and can be used as an aid in medical decision making.</p
Interaction of ethylbenzene and styrene with iron oxide model catalyst films at low coverages: a NEXAFS study
The adsorption of ethylbenzene and styrene on well ordered epitaxial iron oxide model catalyst films with different stoichiometries was investigated using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). On the iron-terminated Fe3O4(111) and a?Fe2O3(0001) surfaces a chemisorption of ethylbenzene and styrene is observed which initially occurs on the iron sites via the p-electron system of the phenyl ring. This forces the molecules into an almost flat lying configuration (h6 like ring adsorption geometry). In the case of ethylbenzene this adsorption complex is supposed to lead to an activation of the C-H bonds thus facilitating the dehydrogenation to styrene. The tilt angle of the aromatic ring systems increase to about 40Β° when approaching monolayer saturation. In contrast, the interaction with the oxygen-terminated FeO(111) surface is weak and of the physisorption type. The adsorbate-adsorbate interaction dominates and causes a tilted adsorption of the molecules from the beginning
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Fe-Cr-Co
Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (Π‘ΠΠ) ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° 22Π₯15ΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’ 24897-81. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 50 ΠΡ Π΄ΠΎ 2 ΠΊΠΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ AnsysMaxwell 2D/3D.In the course of the scientific and qualifying work, the rotor material of the synchronous hysteresis motor from alloy 22Π₯15ΠΠ GOST 24897-81 was investigated. Dynamic magnetic characteristics of the alloy at the magnetization reversal frequencies from 50 Hz to 2 kHz are obtained. The results of the study of a synchronous hysteresis motor in the software environment of AnsysMaxwell 2D / 3D are presented
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