Gaze following ability in children 5, 10 and 15 months old

Joint attention is attention to an external object shared between two persons. The joint attention mechanism plays an important role in early cognitive, social and emotional development. Therefore, impairments of joint attention development can trigger different psychic disorders. The simplest form of joint attentional behavior is gaze following. The literature on the development of gaze following in children indicates that there is a great deal of variance regarding the age of emergence and development of this skill. This study aims to examine the age dynamics of the gaze following skill in infants and to establish more precisely the age at which this skill emerges. This comparative study of gaze following ability of infants at the age of 5, 10 and 15 months was conducted in Yekaterinburg at the Laboratory of the Brain and Neurocognitive Development, Ural Federal University. Gaze following ability was measured by the eye tracker task “Gaze following”. Significant differences were found between the proportion of tasks with first gaze to a congruent object performed by 5 and 10 month old children and between 10 and 15 month old children. Furthermore, there was a significant difference of fixation duration on a congruent object between 10 and 15 month old children. The results reveal that the gaze following ability emerges in children already by the age of 5 months, develops significantly by 10 months, and develops almost completely by 15 months. © E. R. VALIEVA, A. I. KOTYUSOVRussian Science Foundation, RSF: 16-18-10371Acknowledgements. This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation no. 16-18-10371. We thank the staff of the Laboratory of Brain and Neurocognitive Development for the opportunity to conduct this study and for their help in carrying it out

Травматологический аспект лечения политравмы у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста

 The conducted analysis of Russian and foreign literature sources showed that the problem of diagnostics and treatment of polytrauma in elderly and senile patients is still relevant. The main discussion point is the high  mortality rate in this group of patients. Although at this level of the  medicine’s evolution, an active approach to the treatment offered to such patients is applicable, the mortality rate in this group of patients remains much higher than in the group of patients under 65. The priority here is to study the difficulties of diagnosing injuries in elderly and senile patients with  polytrauma. Also, a fundamental issue is the development of an effective algorithm for the surgical treatment of injuries, taking into  consideration age­related changes, the presence of concomitant pathology and an increased risk of complications in patients of this age group.  Проведенный анализ отечественных и зарубежных источников литературы показал, что проблема диагностики и лечения политравмы у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста сохраняет свою актуальность в настоящее время. Основным предметом обсуждения остается высокая смертность в данной группе пациентов. На данном этапе развития медицины актуален активный подход к их лечению, смертность в этой группе больных остается в несколько раз выше, чем в группе пациентов младше 65 лет. Приоритетным направлением является изучение проблем диагностики повреждений у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста с политравмой. Также основополагающим вопросом является разработка эффективного алгоритма хирургического лечения повреждений, учитывающего возрастные изменения, наличие сопутствующей патологии и повышенный риск развития осложнений у пациентов данной возрастной группы

State policy on digitalization of the forest industry

Currently, the state management of forest resources in our country needs to be improved. Therefore, in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the state forestry policy aims at increasing the contribution of this industry to the socio-economic development of the country, the transition to intensive forest management, as well as the protection, safeguard and reproduction of forests. These aims can be effectively achieved through the active implementation of information and communication technologies in the management of the forest sector, which is gradually taking place in practice. However, at the moment, there are certain problems associated with the practical implementation of the forest digitalization strategy. This article presents possible solutions to these problems

Technology of manufacturing of multiple core stamp tools by plastic deformation

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This article describes a new method for manufacturing of multiple core stamp tools by plastic deformation. The technique of geometric parameters of connected elements of multiple core tools designing necessary for the production of the proposed technology is developed

Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery in Patients with Recurrent Post-Coronary Stenting Angina

Background. A wide adoption of percutaneous coronary operations has led to an average one-third reduction in the aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACB) rate and altering of the ACB patient profile to mainly represent advanced occlusive coronary atherosclerosis.Materials and methods. The study analyses treatment outcomes in coronary heart disease patients with recurrent angina after a previous endovascular intervention. Over years 2009–2015, 1,023 ACB operations were performed at the Almetyevsk — OAO Tatneft Medical Unit cardiac surgery rooms. Pre-surgery coronary artery stenting (CAS) was rendered at various terms in 96 patients (23 % women, 76 % men; cohort 1). The main cohort (n = 96) was divided into 2 subgroups: IA (n = 64), single CAS; IB (n = 32), multiple CAS patients. For statistical significance, cohort 2 (control) comprised 185 patients (21 % women, 79 % men) to include every 5th history of the remaining 927 patients operated within same period.Results and discussion. The mean aortic occlusion time was shorter in multiple CAS patients vs. other cohorts (61.3 ± 31.2 vs. 72.5 ± 27.8 and 70.7 ± 41.2 min). Cohort 1 had an overall higher emergency resternotomy rate due to ongoing bleeding (7.4 and 8.3 vs. 2.0 %). Furthermore, pre-surgery multiple CAS patients more likely faced the complications of perioperative MI (8.5 vs. 3.1 and 1.4 %) and acute postoperative heart failure (7.2 vs. 2.3 and 1.4 %, p < 0.01). This cohort often required inotropic support (9.3 vs. 3.8 and 2.1 %).Conclusion. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher complication and mortality rate in patients with previous coronary stenting compared to ACB patients. Adverse ACB outcomes were observed with multiple-coronary stenting cases, in contrast to the cohort with no pre-surgery interventions

PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab

Background Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with a mental disorder, but symptoms often go undetected and untreated. Methods The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD among a large sample of adults with psychiatric diagnoses and to establish factors associated with symptoms going undetected. Participants were 1,946 adults recruited by the National Centre for Mental Health. Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and demographic information for analysis. Results The prevalence of participants screening positive for PTSD that had not been detected by clinical services was 13.9% [12.4–15.5%, 95% confidence interval]). Factors associated with undetected PTSD were female gender, younger age of first contact with psychiatric services, and lower household income. Especially, poor rates of detection were observed after traumatic events, such as child abuse and sexual assault. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the need for routine assessment of trauma histories and symptoms of PTSD among individuals with anymental disorder

Прогностическая ценность Geriatric Index of Comorbidity для прогнозирования исходов у пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой. Ретро­спективное когортное исследование

Background Nowadays, since the older people are keeping and increasing their professional and social activity, the risk of injury in these patients is escalating. However, the results of polytrauma treatment among patients over 60 years old are worse than in the group of younger patients. This may be associated with the presence of concomitant somatic pathology, which worsens the prognosis of for survival among elderly and senile patients. In the modern literature, there is no description of effective tools for assessing the comorbid status in elderly and senile patients with polytrauma. Nevertheless, there are scales and indices of comorbidity developed for non-surgical patients. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients over 60 years of age with polytrauma and a several concomitant diseases, it is necessary to develop new or adapt one of the already created tools for assessing comorbid status.Purpose of the study To assess the dependence of the mortality rate in a group of patients with polytrauma over 60 years of age on the presence of concomitant somatic pathology and its severity, calculated by the geriatric index of comorbidity.Materia l and methods During the period from 2005 to 2020, 116 patients with polytrauma and chronic somatic pathology were treated at the Sklifosovsky Institute. The inclusion criteria for the study were the following: patients aged over 60 years old; или patients’ age over 60 years old; the Injury Severity Score over 17, the presence of concomitant somatic pathology in patients. The exclusion criteria were the lack of complete necessary information in the medical history, patients’ age being less than 60 years old. The Geriatric Index of Comorbidity was calculated for each patient. A retrospective analysis was conducted.Results A Geriatric Index of Comorbidity of 3 or more in the elderly patients with polytrauma was found prognostically unfavorable for survival (p=0.005). When implementing the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity rating system, the presence of concomitant somatic pathology was found to have the greatest impact on elderly and senile patients with polytrauma and Injury Severity Score 18–24 (p=0.001).Conclusion The system of calculating the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity is advisable to use for assessing the risk of mortality from concomitant somatic pathology and its severity in patients with polytrauma over 60 years of age.АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ На данный момент, учитывая сохранение и увеличение профессиональной и социальной активности пожилых людей, растет риск получения травм у данного контингента больных. Результаты лечения пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой значительно хуже, чем в группе более молодого возраста. Это может быть связано с наличием сопутствующей соматической патологии, ухудшающей прогноз выживаемости среди пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. В современной литературе нет описания эффективных инструментов оценки коморбидного статуса у исследуемой группы пациентов. В настоящее время применяют шкалы и индексы коморбидности для пациентов терапевтического профиля. Чтобы увеличить эффективность лечения пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой и наличием нескольких сопутствующих заболеваний, необходимо разработать или адаптировать один из уже созданных инструментов оценки коморбидного статуса.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Оценить зависимость летальности в группе пациентов с политравмой старше 60 лет от наличия сопутствующей соматической патологии и тяжести ее, рассчитанной по Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC).МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В период с 2005 по 2020 год в институте имени Склифосовского пролечены 116 пациентов с политравмой и хронической соматической патологией. Критерии включения в исследование: возраст пациентов более 60 лет, балл Injury Severity Score (ISS) более 17, а также наличие у пациентов сопутствующей соматической патологии. Критерии исключения — отсутствие полной необходимой информации в истории болезни, а также возраст менее 60 лет. У каждого пациента рассчитан GIC. Проведен ретроспективный анализ.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Значение GIC 3 и более баллов у пациентов старших возрастных групп с политравмой прогностически неблагоприятно для жизни (p=0,005). При использовании системы оценки GIC сопутствующая соматическая патологии оказывает наибольшее влияние на исход лечения пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с политравмой и баллами ISS 18–24 (p=0,001)

Assay of nitrofuran drugs using an amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensor

A method for assaying nitrofuran drugs (furazolidone, furadonine, and furagin) using an amperometric biosensor based on a printed platinum electrode and immobilized monoamine oxidase was developed for analysis of medicinal formulations and urine. Nitrofuran derivatives were found to have inhibitory actions, albeit weaker than those of classical tricyclic antidepressants, on the catalytic activity of monoamine oxidase. This side-effect inhibitory action allowed assay of furazolidone, furadonine, and furagin with lower detection limits, which were 8.3 × 10-9, 8.5 × 10-8, and 9.4 × 10-10 M respectively. The results obtained here show that this side effect of furazolidone, furadonine, and furagin must be taken into consideration when these agents are prescribed to patients. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Features of antifungal therapy during long-lasting infectious process: a clinical case of fungal keratitis and profile of antifungal sensitivity based on assessing biofilm formation

Among infectious diseases, opportunistic mycoses hold a special place. There has been accumulating a lot of evidence regarding the clinical and epidemiological aspects of infection caused by Fusarium spp., which global incidence rate among microbial keratitis ranges from 2 to 40% depending on the geographical location of the country. Colonizing mucous membranes, fungi can exist not only in the form of plankton, but form biofilms after surface attachment, which leads to elevated resistance to multiple antifungal agents. Here we describe a clinical case of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium solani by determining profile of the antifungal sensitivity for isolated fungal strains, by taking into account their potential for biofilm formation. We used an F. solani culture isolated from the patient as well as F. solani test culture obtained from the Russian National Collection of Microorganisms. While determining the sensitivity of fungal planktonic cultures to antifungal agents from the azole group (fluconazole, voriconazole), amphotericin B and terbinafine, it was revealed that antimycotics amphotericin B and voriconazole exerted a marked antifungal activity against clinical isolate, whereas the plankton F. solani test culture was more sensitive to all groups of antifungal agents. Due to a long-lasting progressive course of the infectious process and the high biofilm-forming ability of the clinical strain F. solani, the activity of antifungal agents on biofilm cells was modeled and examined in vitro. It was shown that regarding to the fungal biofilms, value of the minimally inhibitory concentration exceeded those for planktonic cultures by 100-fold. The mechanisms of action for antifungal agents on vital parameters of fungal cell structures were analyzed by using confocal laser scanning microscopy after staining samples with propidium iodide and acridine orange for 15 min to detect changes between intact and damaged cell surface. It was found that within the biofilm fungal cells preserved viability even after exposure to high concentrations of antifungals. In addition, despite the fungicidal drug activity at substantial concentrations acting on the biofilm cell membrane, the cell nuclei remained viable. Owing to the presence ot the mechanism of resistance in mycelial fungi shown in the study, it is necessary to take into account and investigate characteristics of biofilms in terms of drug sensitivity that will allow to optimize a choice of antimicrobial therapy