Pertumbuhan Ikan Patin Siam (Pangasianodon Hypopthalmus) Yang Dipelihara Dengan Sistem Bioflok Pada Feeding Rate Yang Berbeda

Ikan patin membutuhkan pakan dengan kandungan protein 28-30%, dan Feeding rate berkisar antara 2–5% perhari. Namun keseluhuran pakan yang diberikan hanya 25% dikonversi sebagai biomasa dan sisanya terbuang sebagai limbah (amoniak dan feses). Hal ini mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas air sehingga pertumbuhan ikan terganggu. Bioflok salah satu alternatif mengatasi masalah kualitas air. Dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan bakteri heterotrof untuk memanfaatkan limbah dalam air budidaya diubah menjadi pakan alami tambahan yang bermanfaat sebagai sumber energi dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan. Perbedaan jumlah pakan yang diberikan diduga mengakibatkan perbedaan jumlah kepadatan bioflok dalam suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Feeding Rate yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan ikan patin siam yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan berupa pemberian pakan dengan FR yang berbeda (1%, 3%, 5%, 5% + non bioflok). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian FR yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ikanpatin siam. Pertumbuhan ikan tertinggi ditunjukkan pada pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan sistem bioflok pada FR 5% dan pertumbuhan ikan terendah diperole

Fenomena Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Di Pantai Ringgung Teluk Lampung, Pengaruhnya Dengan Tingkat Kematian Ikan Yang Dibudidayakan Pada Karamba Jaring Apung

Fish mortality in the Bay of Lampung not only wild fish, but also fish farmed in cages, especially Ringgung Beach. One which caused by harmful algal abundance that occur was increased input contaminants by both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aims to analyze the influence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) the amount and frequency of fish mortality in cage Ringgung Lampung Bay. The study was conducted at three research stations based KJA density. The results of the study found 33 species of phytoplankton, 14 species have potential as HABs can cause the death of fish. The highest abundance was kind Cochlodinium that reach 63.738 cells/liter. Phytoplankton diversity index value with the lowest value occurred at station 3 on June 19, 2013 ie the date of 0705. The highest phytoplankton diversity values occurred at Station 2 on June 12, 2013 is 2,451. Uniformity values of phytoplankton in the waters of Beach Ringgung obtained in the high category with a value above 0.5 or close to 1, which indicates that the spread of the individual any kind of relatively evenly. Except at station 3 which has a relatively low value (0.228 on June 19, 2013, 0291 on June 26, 2013, and 0446 on July 3, 2013). Effect of HABs on the fishing mortality rate is indicated by regression analysis. Correlation coefficient at station 1 shows the value of 0.5208. While on station 2 shows 0.6937. Harmful algal blooms shown to affect mortality rates of fish in floating net Ringgung Beach. They have triggered reduced oxygen levels in the water that could potentially cause the death of wild fish and farmed in floating ne

Efektifitas Kijing Air Tawar ( Pilsbryoconcha Exilis ) Sebagai Biofilter Dalam Sistem Resirkulasi Terhadap Laju Penyerapan Amoniak Dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias Gariepinus)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan kijing air tawar (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) terhadap perbaikan kualitas air dan laju pertumbuhan lele sangkuriang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Penelitian menggunakan perbedaan jumlah hewan kijing air tawar yaitu 100, 150, 200 ekor/ keranjang berukuran 0,6 m3 dan perlakuan kontrol yaitu tanpa menggunakan perlakuan sistem resirkulasi dan tanpa penambahan kijing air tawar. Parameter utama dalam penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan ikan dan konsentrasi amoniak, dengan parameter pendukung antara lain yakni suhu, pH, dan oksigen terlarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kijing air tawar berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang. Pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 200 individu dengan berat 19.71 gr dan tingkat kelangsung hidup tertinggi terdapat perlakuan 200 individu (80.14 %). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa penambahan kijing air tawar dengan jumlah yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan amoniak. Berdasarkan hasil uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) perlakuan dengan penambahan kijing air tawar sebanyak 200 ekor/ keranjang berukuran 0,6 m3merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam penurunan amoniak pada sistem resirkulasi

EGLN1 variants influence expression and SaO2 levels to associate with high-altitude pulmonary oedema and adaptation

Abstract EGLN1 [encoding HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-prolyl hydroxylase 2] plays a pivotal role in the HIF pathway and has emerged as one of the most intriguing genes with respect to physiology at HA (high altitude). EGLN1, being an actual oxygen sensor, appears to have a potential role in the functional adaptation to the hypobaric hypoxic environment. In the present study, we screened 30 polymorphisms of EGLN1, evaluated its gene expression and performed association analyses. In addition, the role of allelic variants in altering TF (transcription factor)-binding sites and consequently the replacement of TFs at these loci was also investigated. The study was performed in 250 HAPE-p [HAPE (HA pulmonary oedema)-patients], 210 HAPE-f (HAPE-free controls) and 430 HLs (healthy Ladakhi highland natives). The genotypes of seven polymorphisms, rs1538664, rs479200, rs2486729, rs2790879, rs480902, rs2486736 and rs973252, differed significantly between HAPE-p and HAPE-f (P < 0.008). The genotypes AA, TT, AA, GG, CC, AA and GG of rs1538664, rs479200, rs2486729, rs2790879, rs480902, rs2486736 and rs973252, prevalent in HAPE-p, were identified as risk genotypes and their counterpart homozygotes, prevalent in HLs, were identified as protective. EGLN1 expression was up-regulated 4.56-fold in HAPE-p (P = 0.0084). The risk genotypes, their haplotypes and interacting genotypes were associated with up-regulated EGLN1 expression (P < 0.05). Similarly, regression analysis showed that the risk alleles and susceptible haplotypes were associated with decreased SaO 2 (arterial oxygen saturation) levels in the three groups. The significant inverse correlation of SaO 2 levels with PASP (pulmonary artery systolic pressure) and EGLN1 expression and the association of these polymorphisms with SaO 2 levels and EGLN1 expression contributed to uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying hypobaric hypoxic adaptation and maladaptation

Arterial oxygen saturation under hypoxic environment of high-altitude associates with routine physical activities of natives

Per cent oxygen saturation of arterial haemoglobin levels (SaO2), a measure of hypoxemia has been analysed in the permanent residents of Ladakh. The population recognized as high-altitude controls (HAC) and high-altitudemonks (HAM), resided at the same altitude of 3600 m but differed in their routines. SaO2 was measured with a Finger-Pulse Oximeter. The HAM had 3.08% higher SaO2 (P<0.001) compared to the HAC, with mean SaO2 of 91.8°6.1% and 89.0°2.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the younger HAM also revealed an elevation of 4.55% SaO2 than the HAC of identical age (P<0.001). The HAM, who are less hypoxemic than their counterparts are physically more active, which may be a selective advantage in the extreme environment of higher altitudes

Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion allele in relation to high altitude adaptation

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism has been associated with high altitude (HA) disorders as well as physical performance. We, however, envisage that the polymorphism may be associated with adaptation to the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude, thus facilitating physical performance. For this purpose, three unrelated adult male groups, namely (1) the Ladakhis (HLs), who reside at and above a height of 3600 m, (2) lowlanders, who migrated to Ladakh (MLLs), and (3) resident lowlanders (LLs), have been investigated. The HLs had significantly (p<0.001) greater numbers of the II homozygotes and the ID heterozygotes than the DD homozygotes, the genotype distribution being 0.46, 0.43 and 0.11 for II, ID and DD genotypes respectively. The MLLs comprised 60% II homozygotes, which was higher (p<0.001) than the HLs (46%). In the LLs, the heterozygotes were greater (p<0.001) in number than the II and DD homozygotes. The I allele frequency was 0.72 in the MLLs, 0.67 in the HLs and 0.55 in the LLs. Polymorphism study suggested that the II genotype could be associated with altitude adaptation, which might influence physical efficiency

Variations in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in Indian populations of different ethnic origins

The pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the Indian population is poorly known. In order to determine the status of the polymorphism, young unrelated male army recruits were screened. The population had cultural and linguistic differences and lived in an environment that varied significantly from one region to another. Analysis of the genotype, showed higher frequency of the insertion allele in four of the five groups i.e. I allele frequency was significantly higher (P<005) in Dogras, Assamese and Kumaonese. The deletion allele frequency was comparatively higher in the fifth group that belonged to Punjab. A correlation was observed between the genotype and enzyme activity. Involvement of a single D allele in the genotype enhanced the activity up to 37.56 ± 313%. The results suggested ethnic heterogeneity with a significant gene cline with higher insertion allele frequency. Such population-based data on various polymorphisms can ultimately be exploited in pharmacogenomics