KTT G20 Indonesia 2022: Perang Rusia vs Ukraina, Pengamanan dan Gender

Buku yang berjudul KTT G20 Indonesia 2022 Perang Rusia vs Ukraina, Pengamanan dan Gender ini berisi bab-bab yang aktual dewasa ini yang bersumber pada buku, artikel, dokumen nasional maupun internasional, jurnal, kamus dan website. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa Sejak 1 Desember 2022, Indonesia menyelenggarakan Konperensi Tingkat Tinggi Negara Anggota Grup 20 (KTTG20 Indonesia 2022) yang berakhir sampai Oktober-Nopember 22. KTT G20 Indonesia 2022 tersebut merupakan forum internasional untuk membahas pemulihan ekonomi dunia yang terpuruk akibat Covid-19, masalah ekonomi dunia secara sestimik yang mewakili 60 persen populasi dunia, menyumbang 80 persen PDB dunia serta 75 persen perdagangan dunia. Bagi Indonesia, KTTG20 Indonesia 2022 tersebut merupakan kehormatan global, dilain pihak juga merupakan tanggung jawab memulihkan ekonomi global maupun nasional, sementara itu masih ada perang Rusia vs Ukraina yang dapat mengancam ekonomi global secara sistimik dan memperlambat transisi energi terbarukan dan negara-negara berkembang akan menderita. Menyadari hal tersebut, para penulis bermaksud menulis dengan judul KTT G20 Indonesia 2022 dari perspektif perang Rusia vs Ukraina, Pengamanan dan Gender yang bersumber pada buku, artikel, dokumen, kamus, website yang didiskusikan secara tertulis, dalam hal-hal tertentu dibahas secara verbal

Association between immigration status and anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic and antidepressant medications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between undocumented immigration status and anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Cross-sectional analysis of data collected between 2014 and 2017. Participants were categorized as U.S.-born citizens, naturalized citizens, documented noncitizens, or undocumented noncitizens. We calculated prevalence and prevalence ratios for anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medication, by immigration status. Of 9257 participants, 1403 (15%) were undocumented noncitizens, 2872 (31%) were documented noncitizens, 3766 (41%) were naturalized citizens, and 1216 (13%) were U.S.-born citizens. Prevalence of anxiety was lower among undocumented than documented noncitizens (9 vs. 15%, P < .0001) but not significantly different in adjusted analyses. Prevalence of depression was similar among undocumented and documented noncitizens (20 vs. 24%, P = .07) and not significantly different in adjusted analyses. Among participants with depression, 7% of undocumented and 27% of documented noncitizens reported use of antidepressants (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.87). Undocumented noncitizens had similar likelihood of anxiety and depression, but lower likelihood of antidepressant use, compared with documented noncitizens. These results may reflect the resilience of an undocumented population facing multiple stressors but suggest that this group may be undertreated for depression

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure

BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More evidence is needed regarding the effects of these drugs in patients across the broad spectrum of heart failure, including those with a markedly reduced ejection fraction. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. RESULTS During a median of 16 months, a primary outcome event occurred in 361 of 1863 patients (19.4%) in the empagliflozin group and in 462 of 1867 patients (24.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.86; P&lt;0.001). The effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. The total number of hospitalizations for heart failure was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85; P&lt;0.001). The annual rate of decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was slower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (-0.55 vs. -2.28 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per year, P&lt;0.001), and empagliflozin-treated patients had a lower risk of serious renal outcomes. Uncomplicated genital tract infection was reported more frequently with empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS Among patients receiving recommended therapy for heart failure, those in the empagliflozin group had a lower risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure than those in the placebo group, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes