62 research outputs found
Using keystroke logging to understand writersā processes on a reading-into-writing test
Background
Integrated reading-into-writing tasks are increasingly used in large-scale language proficiency tests. Such tasks are said to possess higher authenticity as they reflect real-life writing conditions better than independent, writing-only tasks. However, to effectively define the reading-into-writing construct, more empirical evidence regarding how writers compose from sources both in real-life and under test conditions is urgently needed. Most previous process studies used think aloud or questionnaire to collect evidence. These methods rely on participantsā perceptions of their processes, as well as their ability to report them.
Findings
This paper reports on a small-scale experimental study to explore writersā processes on a reading-into-writing test by employing keystroke logging. Two L2 postgraduates completed an argumentative essay on computer. Their text production processes were captured by a keystroke logging programme. Students were also interviewed to provide additional information. Keystroke logging like most computing tools provides a range of measures. The study examined the studentsā reading-into-writing processes by analysing a selection of the keystroke logging measures in conjunction with studentsā final texts and interview protocols.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the nature of the writersā reading-into-writing processes might have a major influence on the writerās final performance. Recommendations for future process studies are provided
Albert, Martin, and Peter too: their roles in creating the Estonian and Latvian Nations
The challenges of renewed independence: The Baltic states since 1991
This article offers a comparative assessment of how successfully Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have coped with the challenges of renewed independence since 1991, focusing on various aspects of political, economic, and social development. In the post-communist context the Baltic states have clearly outpaced other former Soviet republics and also performed reasonably well in comparison to the countries of Eastern Europe. The convergence of the Baltic experience, which began already in the early 20th century, has continued in the recent past as well, as the three states have adopted a number of similar approaches in domestic politics, the search for security, and economic policy. They also face a number of similar unsolved problems, including considerable political alienation, tensions in relations with Russia, socioeconomic disparity, and demographic challenges. The most important difference in the issues confronting the Baltic states today continues to be the large non-Baltic, mainly Russian presence in Estonia and Latvia, a result of Soviet-era policies. How to effect the meaningful integration of a multiethnic society remains a continuing challenge in these two countries. In contrast, population shifts under Soviet rule never became massive in Lithuania, and ethnic relations are a minor issue there today
An evolutionary framework exploring the role of "periodisations" in the modern development of a Baltic State: the case of HRM in the Latvian Public Sector."
Latvian-Americans in the Post-Soviet era: Cultural factors on return migration in oral history interviews
Korean EFL learnersā strategy use and performance in an English integrated reading-to-write task
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