Preferred levels for background ducking to produce esthetically pleasing audio for TV with clear speech

In audio production, background ducking facilitates speech intelligibility while allowing the background to fulfill its purpose, e.g., to create ambience, set the mood, or convey semantic cues. Technical details for recommended ducking practices are not currently documented in the literature. Hence, we first analyzed common practices found in TV documentaries. Second, a listening test investigated the preferences of 22 normal-hearing participants on the Loud- ness Difference (LD) between commentary and background during ducking. Highly personal preferences were observed, highlighting the importance of object-based personalization. Sta- tistically significant difference was found between non-expert and expert listeners. On average, non-experts preferred LDs that were 4 LU higher than the ones preferred by experts. A sta- tistically significant difference was also found between Commentary over Music (CoM) and Commentary over Ambience (CoA). Based on the test results, we recommend at least 10 LU difference for CoM and at least 15 LU for CoA. Moreover, a computational method based on the Binaural Distortion-Weighted Glimpse Proportion (BiDWGP) was found to match the median preferred LD for each item with good accuracy (mean absolute error = 1.97 LU ± 2.50)

Tinjauan Tentang Subjek Hukum Korporasi dan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban dalam Tindak Pidana

Article clarified corporate application as a law subject that had not been fully applied in Indonesia. Corporate status as a subject for criminal law only could be found in Criminal Law Legislation, out of KUHP that had been categorized as special criminal law, or administrative regulation having crime sanction. The research applied yuridis –normatif and yuridis comparative methods with the following results. There is incompleteness for the status of a corporate, when the corporate will be considered as a liable institution, how to show the liability, etc. The corporate liability in Indonesia in the special criminal law ( outside KUHP), started with UU no. 7/Drt/1955 concerning Economy Criminal Act that later was continued by other special criminal law up to the affects that the corporate responsibility did not work in general, but it was only limited and applied to some special regulations out of those KUHP. Therefore, the design of Criminal Law Regulations that will be authorizeed into Law is supposed to be able to be guidance in overcoming corporate ‘s criminal

Merger, Akusisi dan Konsolidasi dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha

Mergers, acquisitions and consolidation is a business strategy that is commonly used in the business world to be able to build competitive advantage company, which in time can enhance shareholder value while maximizing the prosperity of the company owners or shareholders. To achieve the above objective normative, policy-makers need a plan and steps of strategic and accurate information to avoid the risk of failure. However, the strategy of merger, acquisition and consolidation of certain potentially inhibit fair competition conditions, thus becoming one of the objects that need to be regulated in Law no. 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Market impact of mergers, acquisitions and consolidation is important for analysis because it can have significant legal consequences for businesses, so that the research method used is the juridical normative and empirical approaches. In practice of mergers, acquisitions and consolidation intersect with regulation in other sectors, especially banking and capital markets. That is, there should be equality of perception and interpretation among the institutions that issued the policy

Furosemide Enhances the Release of Endothelial Kinsis, Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin

Despite a wealth of data, the mechanism of the direct dilator effect of furosemide on the systemic arterial and venous systems is far from being satisfactorily understood. Therefore, we investigated whether furosemide is capable of stimulating the production of the endogenous vasodilators nitric oxide and prostacyclin in primary cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells by an enhanced synthesis and release of endothelium-derived kinins. Nitric oxide production was assessed in terms of intracellular guanosine cyclic-3',5' monophosphate accumulation; kinin and prostacyclin release were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Furosemide concentration- and time- dependently increased the formation of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Maximal increases of both autacoids were already obtained after a 5-min incubation with 3 x 10(-7) to 10(-6) mol/l of furosemide. In the same concentration range, furosemide led to an enhanced release of kinins into the supernatant of the cells. This observation was supported by the inhibitory effect of the specific B2 kinin receptor antagonist icatibant (Hoe 140) on the furosemide-induced increase of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Thus the hemodynamic effects, and in particular the direct early dilator effect, of furosemide may be explained in part by an enhanced endothelial synthesis and release of bradykinin and related kinins, which in turn stimulates endothelial autacoid formation via B2 kinin receptor activation

Factors Affecting Sustainability of Alternatives Livelihood in Coastal Community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: an Application of MICMAC Method

Coastal communities are known to prone to vulnerability arising from their nature of work. As they are mostly working as fishermen, natural hazards, isolation and climate variabilities are often constraining their ability to obtain sufficient income to support their livelihood. Hence, finding sustainable alternatives source of income is a sensible way to cope with such uncertainty and vulnerability. Achieving sustainable income, nevertheless, is challenging issue since it is affected by various factors from socio-economic as well as institutional perspectives. This paper is an attempt to assess the issue of alternative livelihood by identifying key variables affecting its sustainability. A MICMAC method was used and key variables from the analysis were then identified to support sustainable alternative livelihood in the communities. Lessons learned were also drawn from this study for policy makers and fisheries authorities in the regions