A comparitive study on handover probability analysis for future HetNets

The need of wireless services increasing day by day due to the advancements in the field of wireless technology towards 5G for instant transferring the mails, messages and video calling without any interruption. In LTE and 5G wireless networks, major task is to provide seamless connection anywhere, anytime when the user may roam among Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HetNets). To achieve proper mobility management among HetNets, handoff or hadover is required. Handover Probability is one of the metric to estimate the handover performance, which is a probability of Mobile Node to handover the present connection from the current base station to another base station or enode B. In this paper, handoff probability analysis is done for   multiple HetNets based on Handover Algorithm. To estimate this algorithm, bandwidth is considered as one of the key parameter. A comparative analysis of handover probability for two, three, four and five HetNets has been performed. The results can demonstrate that the variation of handover probability with respect to traffic load, threshold and bandwidth. It is observed that, as the number of wireless networks increases handover probability slightly increases with traffic load. These results are more significant to estimate further wrong decision handovers based on that Quality of Service (QoS) is evaluated in practical HetNets such as integration of LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX etc.

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Ensuring High-Quality Specialty Care

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Top TakeawaysThere are vast inequalities in access to and outcomes from specialty health care in the U.S. These inequalities are worst for minority patients, low-income patients, patients with limited English language proficiency, and patients in rural areas.A number of solutions have emerged to improve health outcomes for minority and medically underserved patients. These solutions fall into three main categories: increasing specialty care availability, ensuring high-quality care, and helping patients engage in care.As these inequities are also significant drivers of health costs, payers, health care provider organizations, and policy makers have a strong incentive to invest in solutions that will both improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. These actors play a critical role in ensuring that equity is embedded into core care delivery at scale.Part 3: "Ensuring High-Quality Specialty Care"New efforts to mitigate provider implicit bias, establish culturally-competent care, and leverage quality improvement approaches help identify and eliminate disparities in care

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Increasing Specialty Care Availability

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Top TakeawaysThere are vast inequalities in access to and outcomes from specialty health care in the U.S. These inequalities are worst for minority patients, low-income patients, patients with limited English language proficiency, and patients in rural areas.A number of solutions have emerged to improve health outcomes for minority and medically underserved patients. These solutions fall into three main categories: increasing specialty care availability, ensuring high-quality care, and helping patients engage in care.As these inequities are also significant drivers of health costs, payers, health care provider organizations, and policy makers have a strong incentive to invest in solutions that will both improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. These actors play a critical role in ensuring that equity is embedded into core care delivery at scale.Part 2: "Increasing Specialty Care Availability"Solutions such as telemedicine, innovative partnerships between specialists and primary care physicians, and centralized local referral networks improve access to specialty care

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Call to Action for a System-wide Focus on Equity

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Top TakeawaysThere are vast inequalities in access to and outcomes from specialty health care in the U.S. These inequalities are worst for minority patients, low-income patients, patients with limited English language proficiency, and patients in rural areas.A number of solutions have emerged to improve health outcomes for minority and medically underserved patients. These solutions fall into three main categories: increasing specialty care availability, ensuring high-quality care, and helping patients engage in care.As these inequities are also significant drivers of health costs, payers, health care provider organizations, and policy makers have a strong incentive to invest in solutions that will both improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. These actors play a critical role in ensuring that equity is embedded into core care delivery at scale.Part 5: "Call to Action for a System-wide Focus on Equity"These solutions create value not only for patients, but also for health care providers and public and private payers.  Each of these actors have a role to play in scaling and sustaining the health equity solutions.

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Helping Patients Engage in Specialty Care

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Top TakeawaysThere are vast inequalities in access to and outcomes from specialty health care in the U.S. These inequalities are worst for minority patients, low-income patients, patients with limited English language proficiency, and patients in rural areas.A number of solutions have emerged to improve health outcomes for minority and medically underserved patients. These solutions fall into three main categories: increasing specialty care availability, ensuring high-quality care, and helping patients engage in care.As these inequities are also significant drivers of health costs, payers, health care provider organizations, and policy makers have a strong incentive to invest in solutions that will both improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. These actors play a critical role in ensuring that equity is embedded into core care delivery at scale.Part 4: "Helping Patients Engage in Specialty Care"Specialty care actors are increasingly addressing the social determinants of health with community outreach, patient navigation, and patient support services

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Striving for Equity in Specialty Care Full Report

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Top TakeawaysThere are vast inequalities in access to and outcomes from specialty health care in the U.S. These inequalities are worst for minority patients, low-income patients, patients with limited English language proficiency, and patients in rural areas.A number of solutions have emerged to improve health outcomes for minority and medically underserved patients. These solutions fall into three main categories: increasing specialty care availability, ensuring high-quality care, and helping patients engage in care.As these inequities are also significant drivers of health costs, payers, health care provider organizations, and policy makers have a strong incentive to invest in solutions that will both improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. These actors play a critical role in ensuring that equity is embedded into core care delivery at scale.

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Striving for Equity in Specialty Care

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Part 1: "Striving for Equity in Specialty Care"A complex set of barriers to specialty care create Health inequities for many Americans, but the current healthcare landscape provides an opportune moment to address this challenge

Development of Computer Vision Algorithms for Multi-class Waste Segregation and Their Analysis

Classification of waste for recycling has been a focal point for scientists interested in the field of conservation of the environment. Recycling consists of numerous steps, of which one of the most crucial is the segregation of recyclables from all other waste. Due to a lack of safety standards in developing countries, waste collection is often done manually by domestic helpers, or "rag-pickers". Such a process risks individual and public health. The waste collection methods may ultimately cause waste to become non-recyclable due to cross-contamination. Literature shows that research in this direction focuses on a single class of waste detection. The proposed work investigates CNN, YOLO, and faster RCNN-based multi-class classification methods to detect different types of waste at the collecting point. The smart dustbin proposed employs these computer vision methods with a Raspberry Pi microcontroller and camera module. The experimental results for multi-class classification show that the CNN has 80% of accuracy with 60% of the loss. Whereas the YOLO algorithm shows an accuracy of 88% and a loss of 40%. But the best results were obtained from faster RCNN object detection with API, with an accuracy of 91% and a loss of 16%. There is already an existing method for making a smart dustbin, so the results are compared to show how computer vision can be used to make a smart dustbin. This shows how computer vision can be used to make a smart dustbin. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-015 Full Text: PD

Studies on different formulations of the bioagent Trichoderma in the management of stem bleeding disease in coconut

Stem bleeding disease is the most common and well-known disease of coconut and is prevalent in almost all coconut growing countries. Thielaviopsis paradoxa is the pathogen causing stem bleeding disease. The symptoms of the affected trunk areas exhibit dark discolouration and a reddish-brown or rust-coloured liquid bleeding from different points. Affected plants die within 3 to 4 months after stem symptoms first appeared, if corrective measures are not taken properly. Keeping in view the severity of disease and the need for managing the disease with effective biocontrol formulation, the current experiment was initiated during 2014 at Mukkamala village of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh State, India. The treatments like Trichoderma harzianum cake formulation, Trichoderma reesei paste formulation along with paste application of copper oxychloride were tested in the field conditions. Among the treatments tested, application of T. harzianum cake formulation completely brought down the disease index from 12.91 to 0 per cent within 50 days of cake application. Disease index of 17.70 was reduced to 2.05 in case of paste application of copper oxychloride, and disease index of 14.02 was reduced to 3.69 in case of paste application of T. reesei against stem bleeding disease of coconut over three years from 2015-2018. Thus, the cake formulation of Trichoderma was found very effective in managing the disease at the field level, which is a bioagent and safer for environment protection

Transcription Mapping and Characterization of 284R and 121R Proteins Produced from Early Region 3 of Bovine Adenovirus Type 3

AbstractWe established the transcription map of early region (E) 3 of bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV-3) by Northern blot, S1 nuclease protection assays, cDNA sequencing, and RT-PCR analysis. Five major classes of mRNAs were identified, which shared the 3′ ends. Four classes of mRNAs transcribed from the E3 promoter also shared the 5′ end, while one major class of mRNA transcribed from the major late promoter contained a tripartite leader sequence at the 5′ end. These five transcripts have the potential to encode four proteins, namely 284R, 121R, 86R, and 82R. To identify the proteins, rabbit antiserum was prepared using a bacterial fusion protein encoding 284R or 121R protein. Serum against 284R immunoprecipitated protein of 26–32 kDa in in vitro translated and transcribed mRNA and three proteins of 48, 67, and 125 kDa from BAV-3-infected cells. Western blots and enzymatic digestions confirmed that the 284R protein is a glycoprotein, which contains only N-linked oligosaccharides, both high mannose (48 kDa) and complex types (67 kDa). Serum against 121R immunoprecipitated a protein of 14.5 kDa from in vitro translated and transcribed mRNA and BAV-3-infected cells. Although 121R protein shows limited sequence similarity to a 14.7-kDa protein of human adenovirus 5, the 284R protein appears to be unique to BAV-3. Since proteins encoded by the E3 region appear to influence adenovirus pathogenesis, the 284R protein may contribute to the unique pathogenic properties of BAV-3