497 research outputs found
Unmanned Aerial Systems for Wildland and Forest Fires
Wildfires represent an important natural risk causing economic losses, human
death and important environmental damage. In recent years, we witness an
increase in fire intensity and frequency. Research has been conducted towards
the development of dedicated solutions for wildland and forest fire assistance
and fighting. Systems were proposed for the remote detection and tracking of
fires. These systems have shown improvements in the area of efficient data
collection and fire characterization within small scale environments. However,
wildfires cover large areas making some of the proposed ground-based systems
unsuitable for optimal coverage. To tackle this limitation, Unmanned Aerial
Systems (UAS) were proposed. UAS have proven to be useful due to their
maneuverability, allowing for the implementation of remote sensing, allocation
strategies and task planning. They can provide a low-cost alternative for the
prevention, detection and real-time support of firefighting. In this paper we
review previous work related to the use of UAS in wildfires. Onboard sensor
instruments, fire perception algorithms and coordination strategies are
considered. In addition, we present some of the recent frameworks proposing the
use of both aerial vehicles and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UV) for a more
efficient wildland firefighting strategy at a larger scale.Comment: A recent published version of this paper is available at:
https://doi.org/10.3390/drones501001
The holographic induced gravity model with a Ricci dark energy: smoothing the little rip and big rip through Gauss-Bonnet effects?
We present an holographic brane-world model of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati
(DGP) scenario with and without a Gauss-Bonnet term (GB) in the bulk. We show
that an holographic dark energy component with the Ricci scale as the infra-red
cutoff can describe the late-time acceleration of the universe. In addition, we
show that the dimensionless holographic parameter is very important in
characterising the DGP branches, and in determining the behaviour of the Ricci
dark energy as well as the asymptotic behaviour of the brane. On the one hand,
in the DGP scenario the Ricci dark energy will exhibit a phantom-like behaviour
with no big rip if the holographic parameter is strictly larger than 1/2. For
smaller values, the brane hits a big rip or a little rip. On the other hand, we
have shown that the introduction of the GB term avoids the big rip and little
rip singularities on both branches but cannot avoid the appearance of a big
freeze singularity for some values of the holographic parameter on the normal
branch, however, these values are very unlikely because they lead to a very
negative equation of state at the present and therefore we can speak in
practice of singularity avoidance. At this regard, the equation of state
parameter of the Ricci dark energy plays a crucial role, even more important
than the GB parameter, in rejecting the parameter space where future
singularities appear.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. RevTex4-1. Comments and references added.
Version accepted in PR
Noether's Theorem for Control Problems on Time Scales
We prove a generalization of Noether's theorem for optimal control problems
defined on time scales. Particularly, our results can be used for
discrete-time, quantum, and continuous-time optimal control problems. The
generalization involves a one-parameter family of maps which depend also on the
control and a Lagrangian which is invariant up to an addition of an exact delta
differential. We apply our results to some concrete optimal control problems on
an arbitrary time scale.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is
published in International Journal of Difference Equations ISSN 0973-6069,
Vol. 9 (2014), no. 1, 87--10
Wall friction and its effects on the density distribution in the compaction of pharmaceutical excipients
International audienceThe effect of powder-die wall friction during the compaction of pharmaceutical excipients has been investigated for three modes of lubrication: lubricated die, non-lubricated die and with the lubricant mixed with the powder. Coulomb friction is assumed and the wall friction coefficient was evaluated from the transmission ratio (applied pressure/transmitted pressure), the transfer ratio (radial pressure/axial pressure) and the aspect ratio (height/diameter of tablet). The friction coefficient of three pharmaceutical excipients was measured with respect to the relative density of the tablet by means of an instrumented press. It was found that the behaviour of the friction depends on the powder and the lubrication mode. Mixing the powder with a lubricant reduces the friction with respect to that of the lubricated die, but the evolution of the friction coefficient with the densification is different. The effect of the wall friction on the axial density distribution in the tablet was investigated by experiment and by modelling. The model was based on Janssen-Walker analysis coupled with the Heckel equation. For comparison, only the single action compaction in a non-lubricated die was considered. It was found that the measured and predicted axial density decrease from the top to the bottom of the tablet. Moreover, the predicted and measured density had the same tendency, but different values. However, the analysis should not be applied to the compaction of the powder mixed with lubricant because no physical parameter for this mode of lubrication is taken into account in the model
Nathan\u27s Mobility Device
Nathan’s Mobility Device is a California Polytechnic State University senior project composed of a team of four mechanical engineering students that designed, built and implemented a specialized seat on an existing mobility device. Nathan, the sole beneficiary of this project, is an 11-year-old boy afflicted with a condition known as Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) which causes him extreme muscular weakness. In this report, the team discussed the problem at hand, provides preliminary research and product benchmarking (evaluation and comparison to specific criteria), and described the ideation, prototyping, testing, and iteration plan. In addition, the team explored the final design in detail while confirming that each component was within the specified budget, meets Nathan’s required criteria, and functions safely and appropriately. This final design review discusses the final design choices incorporated into the mobility device and the manufacturing and testing procedures done to achieve the final product. Manufacturing and testing were divided into mechanical and electrical subgroups and have their respective risk assessments and critical tests outlined in the sections six and seven.
In the first two months of receiving this project, the team was undecided between modifying an existing power scooter that either focused on comfort or building a mobility device from scratch that focuses on aesthetics at the expense of reliability. In analyzing the hierarchy of Nathan’s needs and collaborating with his mother, Amy, team members decided to forfeit the latter idea and settle on a mobility base to build upon. This report spans the period before, during, and after this choice was made.
The report also identifies the constraints that will be considered for the design to ensure that the project is within the scope of the team’s expertise. Some of these constraints include: budgeting, working within the scope of work, and modifying the mobility base without damaging existing components
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