Ebola virus epidemiology, transmission, and evolution during seven months in Sierra Leone

The 2013-2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic is caused by the Makona variant of Ebola virus (EBOV). Early in the epidemic, genome sequencing provided insights into virus evolution and transmission and offered important information for outbreak response. Here, we analyze sequences from 232 patients sampled over 7 months in Sierra Leone, along with 86 previously released genomes from earlier in the epidemic. We confirm sustained human-to-human transmission within Sierra Leone and find no evidence for import or export of EBOV across national borders after its initial introduction. Using high-depth replicate sequencing, we observe both host-to-host transmission and recurrent emergence of intrahost genetic variants. We trace the increasing impact of purifying selection in suppressing the accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations over time. Finally, we note changes in the mucin-like domain of EBOV glycoprotein that merit further investigation. These findings clarify the movement of EBOV within the region and describe viral evolution during prolonged human-to-human transmission

Pemahaman Gender Anggota Dprd Perempuanprovinsi NTT dalam Proses Legislasi Perda Nomor 7 Tahun 2016

Female legislator knowledge about gender is one of the problem in Indonesia, especially at Regional House of Representative (as known as DPRD) Nusa Tenggara Timur. This research aims to find out the understanding from two female  legislators at Commission V DPRD Nusa Tenggara Timur to responses the overseas workforce  gender issues  and how they  fight for this case at  commission meeting. This research used some theories, first Liberal Feminism theory by Merry Wollstonecraft. Second, Political Representatives theory by MichealSaward. And the last is Rational Comprehensive theory by Hoogerwerf. This research also used Descriptive qualitative method which is to find  the data by observation, interview and document. Result from this research is the female legislators  at Commission V DPRD Nusa Tenggara Timur already understand about gender and they do their duties and responsibilities  as appropriate. Their performance has shown their ability and also the other females legislator from another commission to understand about gender issues and how to resolves the gender bias of Indonesia overseas workforce. The outcome from this understanding and female legislator performances at Regional House of representative NTT 2014-2019 is a local regulation has ratified by 2016. The local regulation content talk about Indonesian workers services and control , especially control and mechanism for Indonesia labor abroad. Keywords:Gender and Legislation Proces