Redox Proteomic Analysis Reveals Oxidative Modifications of Proteins by Increased Levels of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species During Hypoxia Adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus

We thank Silke Steinbach, Till Kindel, and Michael Cyrulies for their excellent technical assistance. Work of T.K., O.K. and A.A.B was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft within the Collaborative Research Center TR124 FungiNet (project A1 and Z2).The work of E.S. was supported by the International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions (ILRS)and by the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen (MR/N006364/1).We thank Matthew Blango and Falk Hillmann for the critical reading of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Exclusive diffractive processes and the quark substructure of mesons

Exclusive diffractive processes on the nucleon are investigated within a model in which the quark-nucleon interaction is mediated by Pomeron exchange and the quark substructure of mesons is described within a framework based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD. The model quark-nucleon interaction has four parameters which are completely determined by high-energy $\pi N$ and $K N$ elastic scattering data. The model is then used to predict vector-meson electroproduction observables. The obtained $\rho$- and $\phi$-meson electroproduction cross sections are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The predicted $q^2$ dependence of $J/\psi$-meson electroproduction also agrees with experimental data. It is shown that confined-quark dynamics play a central role in determining the behavior of the diffractive, vector-meson electroproduction cross section. In particular, the onset of the asymptotic $1/q^4$ behavior of the cross section is determined by a momentum scale that is set by the current-quark masses of the quark and antiquark inside the vector meson. This is the origin of the striking differences between the $q^2$ dependence of $\rho$-, $\phi$- and $J/\psi$-meson electroproduction cross sections observed in recent experiments.Comment: 53 pages, 23 figures, revtex and epsfig. Minor additions to tex

Secondary Metabolites of Marine Microbes: From Natural Products Chemistry to Chemical Ecology

Marine natural products (MNPs) exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities, including antibiotic, antiviral, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory properties. Besides marine macroorganisms such as sponges, algae, or corals, specifically marine bacteria and fungi have shown to produce novel secondary metabolites (SMs) with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs or drug leads. Apart from highlighting their potential benefit to humankind, this review is focusing on the manifold functions of SMs in the marine ecosystem. For example, potent MNPs have the ability to exile predators and competing organisms, act as attractants for mating purposes, or serve as dye for the expulsion or attraction of other organisms. A large compilation of literature on the role of MNPs in marine ecology is available, and several reviews evaluated the function of MNPs for the aforementioned topics. Therefore, we focused the second part of this review on the importance of bioactive compounds from crustose coralline algae (CCA) and their role during coral settlement, a topic that has received less attention. It has been shown that certain SMs derived from CCA and their associated bacteria are able to induce attachment and/or metamorphosis of many benthic invertebrate larvae, including globally threatened reef-building scleractinian corals. This review provides an overview on bioactivities of MNPs from marine microbes and their potential use in medicine as well as on the latest findings of the chemical ecology and settlement process of scleractinian corals and other invertebrate larvae

High throughput gene replacement in Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus is a human pathogen and the principal etiologic agent of invasive and chronic aspergillosis leading to several hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. Very few antifungals are available to treat infections caused by A. fumigatus, and resistance is developing to those we have. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive pathogenicity and drug resistance have been hampered by the lack of large mutant collections, which limits our ability to perform functional genomics analysis. Here we present a high‐throughput gene knockout method that combines a highly reproducible fusion PCR method to enable generation of gene replacement cassettes with a multiwell format transformation procedure. This process can be used to generate 96 null mutants within 5 days by a single person at a cost of less than £18 ($24) per mutant and is being employed in our laboratory to generate a barcoded genome‐wide knockout library in A. fumigatus. © 2019 The Authors