Pmp27 Promotes Peroxisomal Proliferation

Peroxisomes perform many essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The weight of evidence indicates that these organelles divide by budding from preexisting peroxisomes. This process is not understood at the molecular level. Peroxisomal proliferation can be induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by oleate. This growth substrate is metabolized by peroxisomal enzymes. We have identified a protein, Pmp27, that promotes peroxisomal proliferation. This protein, previously termed Pmp24, was purified from peroxisomal membranes, and the corresponding gene, PMP27, was isolated and sequenced. Prop27 shares sequence similarity with the Pmp30 family in Candida boidinii. Pmp27 is a hydrophobic peroxisomal membrane protein but it can be extracted by high pH, suggesting that it does not fully span the bilayer. Its expression is regulated by oleate. The function of Pmp27 was probed by observing the phenotype of strains in which the protein was eliminated by gene disruption or overproduced by expression from a multicopy plasmid. The strain containing the disruption (3B) was able to grow on all carbon sources tested, including oleate, although growth on oleate, glycerol, and acetate was slower than wild type. Strain 3B contained peroxisomes with all of the enzymes of β-oxidation. However, in addition to the presence of a few modestly sized peroxisomes seen in a typical thin section of a cell growing on oleate-containing medium, cells of strain 3B also contained one or two very large peroxisomes. In contrast, cells in a strain in which Pmp27 was overexpressed contained an increased number of normal-sized peroxisomes. We suggest that Pmp27 promotes peroxisomal proliferation by participating in peroxisomal elongation or fission.

Kerjasama Indonesia Belanda dalam Pencegahan Penyelundupan Narkotika

This research is explain the cooperation done by Indonesia and the Netherlands in the effort of preventing smuggling of narcotics and distribution to Indonesia by transnational crime syndicate. The research method used in this research is qualitative method, descriptive research type of analysis, and through library data collection techniques. Analysis of cooperation was also conducted to test the follow-up of cooperation between the two parties, namely Indonesia and the Netherlands. Cooperation in this research is analyzed by using achievement approach and interest which can be elaborated with the framework of thinking that is realism paradigm, concept of bilateral cooperation, and interest concept. The results of this analysis then prove that the cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands implemented in the relationship JCLEC - CILC - Interpol, is a less effective cooperation because there are still many interests between the two parties. This is because the absence of an Indoneisa-Dutch extradition treaty is due to prosecute the defend Narcotics Crimes who escaped to the Netherlands can not be done even though there has been communication to both parties up to Interpol

Konsepsi Penyelamatan Dana Desa dari Perbuatan Korupsi

This paper aims to analyze the management of village funds from corruption. The problem focuses on how the concept of saving village funds from corruption? This research is in the form of normative legal research with approach of legal norm and legal principles. The result of the research shows that the concept of fund grant from villages from corruption bundles, namely, First, MoU with community with the aim of committing to build village together with village fund monitoring team; Second, establishing an independent team of supervisors to oversee the running of village fund management processes; third, ready to be sworn the village apparatus in the oath by using the scriptures of each religion; four strict sanctions with a view to providing perpetrators of village funds

Alasan Rusia Melibatkan Diri dalam Konflik Bersenjata Suriah Tahun 2011-2015

Arab Spring which was happened in 2011 had ceated nationwide protest movement of the Syrian people to throw the regime of the President Bashar Al Assad. The conflict that was, at first,only protest then turned into armed conflict where the government, opposition and terrorism groups such as ISIS and Jabhat Al Nusra involved. The number of the deaths caused by the conflict were then called by the UN as crime against humanity. The UN initiated Geneve Peace Talks as an agenda to hold a political transition towards Bashar Al Assad's regime. The effort was rejected by Russia Federation. In 2013, the U.S. and its alliance deployed its miltary forces in Syria to suport opposition group while in 2015 Russia then responded to the U.S. action by deploying its military troops in order to support the regime of Bashar Al Assad. This research is aimed to explain the motives of why Russia involved in the Syrian armed conflict. The research used qualitative method and Offensive Realism Theory by John J. Mearsheimer. The result of this research is that the involvement of Russia was meant to exercise its geopolitical influence in the Middle East and to repress the expansion of U.S. influence in Syria

Perilaku Pemilih Menjelang Pilkada Serentak 2015 Di Kota Semarang

Indonesian political dynamics over the last 16 years since the Reformation movement initiated, the building shows the fragility of the Indonesian political experience. This can be seen how the level of community participation in the General Election in the Reformation era tend to decline until today. Election deemed not produce leaders who provide real change. This is exacerbated by the political system characterized transactional fraud. The purpose of this study was to look at the political behavior of society and give provisions regarding political education to the public ahead of the elections simultaneously in Semarang, especially in the Village Meteseh and Mangunharjo on December 2015. In this research use several theories: theory of rational choice and the theory of political participation

Growing membranes in vitro by continuous phospholipid biosynthesis from free fatty acids

One of the key aspects that defines a cell as a living entity is its ability to self-reproduce. In this process, membrane biogenesis is an essential element. Here, we developed an in vitro phospholipid biosynthesis pathway based on a cascade of eight enzymes, starting from simple fatty acid building blocks and glycerol 3-phosphate. The reconstituted system yields multiple phospholipid species that vary in acyl-chain and polar head group compositions. Due to the high fidelity and versatility, complete conversion of the fatty acid substrates into multiple phospholipid species is achieved simultaneously, leading to membrane expansion as a first step towards a synthetic minimal cell

Oxy-functionalization of nucleophilic rhenium(I) metal carbon bonds catalyzed by selenium(IV)

We report that SeO_2 catalyzes the facile oxy-functionalization of (CO)_5Re(I)-Me^(δ−) with IO_4− to generate methanol. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations reveal that catalysis involves methyl group transfer from Re to the electrophilic Se center followed by oxidation and subsequent reductive functionalization of the resulting CH_3Se(VI) species. Furthermore, (CO)_3Re(I)(Bpy)-R (R = ethyl, n-propyl, and aryl) complexes show analogous transfer to SeO_2 to generate the primary alcohols. This represents a new strategy for the oxy-functionalization of M−R^(δ−) polarized bonds

Historic evolution and urban planning typology of Olympic Village

Article providing a broad historical overview of the role and typology of Olympic villages along the history of the Modern Olympic Games. This article was published in the book entitled 'Olympic Villages: a hundred years of urban planning and shared experiences' compiling the papers given at the 1997 International Symposium on International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB).L'article ofereix una exhaustiva visió històrica del paper i la tipologia de les Viles Olímpiques. Aquest text es va publicar en el llibre "Olympic Villages: a hundred years of urban planning and shared experiences" que recull les ponències presentades en el simposi internacional sobre viles olímpiques de la Càtedra Internacional d'Olimpisme (CIO-UAB) l'any 1997.El artículo ofrece una exhaustiva visión histórica del papel y la tipología de las Villas Olímpicas. Este texto fue publicado en el libro "Olympic Villages: a hundred years of urban planning and shared experiences" que recoge las ponencias presentadas en el simposio internacional sobre villas olímpicas de Cátedra Internacional de Olimpismo (CIO-UAB) el año 1997

Dynamic reconfiguration for middleware-based applications

Distributed systems with high availability requirements have to allow reconfiguration of the system without being taken off-line. Examples of reconfigurations are the replacement of a component with a newer version, or the migration of a component to another node. A key issue for reconfiguration is maintaining the correctness of the system, which can be very complex due to the number of components, unclear relations between components, heterogeneity in operating systems and programming languages, and physical distribution of components. In this paper, we describe a new approach for dynamic reconfiguration of middleware-based applications that is more transparent for the application developer than existing approaches. We compare our approach with other approaches, and describe a prototype that implements our approach for CORBA-based applications