Bem-estar no manejo pré-abate das aves.

bitstream/item/79757/1/Bem-estar-manejo-pre-abate-aves-Engormix.com.pdfProjeto/Plano de Ação: 11.11.11.111

Economic Hardship and Stress among Farm Operators in North Dakota: The Suffering Effect of Social Support

The changing economic character of American agriculture is producing more than just surplus crops, it is also producing measurable increases in stress. This stress is a consequence of the faltering economic conditions in rural America (Cogner et. al,, 1986; Farmer, 1986), which has significant implications for the well-being of our rural population. Long term depression, increased suicide rates, family strain and violence are all results of this economic change (Farmer, 1986). Faraer (1986), characterized the rural sector as financially, emotionally, and socially troubled. These troubles are directly linked to the economic crisis rural America is experiencing. Social scientists and mental health professionals have expressed concern about the effects of the rural crisis on the farm population. Excessive and widespread financial difficulties have promoted increased concern which has led to psychological stress. The concept of stress is a generic term usually associated with mental tension or strain. For all its popularity, the term has only recently found its way into the medical vocabulary. One of the primary reasons for this omission has been the lack of an adequate or standardized definition of the concept (Wallis,1983). Empirical indicators of stress have ranged from migraine headaches and stomach cramps, to insomnia, lethargy, and confusion. Consequently, few studies operationalize stress the same way

O estresse no manejo pré-abate e na qualidade da carne suína.

O estresse no manejo pré-abate e na qualidade da carne suína; Caracterização do estresse; Avaliação da resposta fisiológica dio estresse; Formas de avaliações; Determinação do cortisol; Determinação de lactato; Mecanismos através dos quais podem afetar a qualidade da carne; Influência da genética na qualidade da carne; Gene rendimento napole (RN); gene Halotano; Situações de estresse no manejo pré-abate.bitstream/item/58222/1/publicacao-i7n63h7v1.pd

Meat quality of pigs submitted to diferent water spray periods.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.06.01.001

Stress levels of pigs submitted to three water spray periods.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.06.01.001

Comportamento dos suínos submetidos a diferentes períodos de aspersão e descanso.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.06.01.001

Uso de aspersão em suínos nas baias de espera: implicações no bem-estar.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 03.08.60800-01

Efeito na qualidade da carne de suínos submetidos a diferentes períodos de aspersão.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 03.08.60800-01

Structure of the SecY channel during initiation of protein translocation

Many secretory proteins are targeted by signal sequences to a protein-conducting channel, formed by prokaryotic SecY- or eukaryotic Sec61-complexes, and are translocated across the membrane during their synthesis1,2. Crystal structures of the inactive channel show that the SecY subunit of the heterotrimeric complex consists of two halves that form an hourglass-shaped pore with a constriction in the middle of the membrane and a lateral gate that faces the lipid phase3-5. The closed channel has an empty cytoplasmic funnel and an extracellular funnel that is filled with a small helical domain, called the plug. During initiation of translocation, a ribosome–nascent chain complex binds to the SecY/Sec61 complex, resulting in insertion of the nascent chain. However, the mechanism of channel opening during translocation is unclear. Here, we have addressed this question by determining structures of inactive and active ribosome–channel complexes with cryo-electron microscopy. Non-translating ribosome–SecY channel complexes derived from Methanococcus jannaschii or Escherichia coli show the channel in its closed state, and indicate that ribosome binding per se causes only minor changes. The structure of an active E. coli ribosome–channel complex demonstrates that the nascent chain opens the channel, causing mostly rigid body movements of the N- and C-terminal halves of SecY. In this early translocation intermediate, the polypeptide inserts as a loop into the SecY channel with the hydrophobic signal sequence intercalated into the open lateral gate. The nascent chain also forms a loop on the cytoplasmic surface of SecY rather than directly entering the channel

Effects of small-scale turbulence on the growth of two diatoms of different size in a phosphorus-limited medium

15 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, 1 appendix.-- Issue title: "Workshop on Future Directions in Modelling Physical-Biological Interactions (WKFDPBI)"The effect of turbulence on the nutrient flux towards osmotrophic cells is predicted to be size dependent. This should translate into growth. We experimentally followed and modelled the growth of two marine diatoms of different size (Thalassiosira pseudonana, 6 μm in diameter and Coscinodiscus sp., ca. 109 μm in diameter) under still water and turbulent conditions, using a shaker table. Experiments were done with phosphorus-limited cultures and lasted for ca. 5 days. Turbulence enhanced the growth of Coscinodiscus sp. in agreement with theory but not the growth of T. pseudonana, which was actually slightly lower under turbulence. At the end of the experiments there were about 1.7 times as many Coscinodiscus sp. cells in the turbulent treatment than in the still treatment, while for T. pseudonana almost the same cell concentration was found in both conditions. In addition, the Coscinodiscus sp. cells growing under still conditions presented a higher specific alkaline phosphatase activity than those growing in turbulence which indicates a higher need for phosphorus in the still cultures. A simple dynamic model, based on Michaelis Menten nutrient uptake kinetics, needed nearly no optimisation other than using observed initial conditions of phosphate and cell concentrations. The model showed how an increased nutrient flux towards the cells translates non-linearly into cell growth, most likely by affecting the half-saturation constant (KM). However, since Coscinodiscus sp. experienced significant mortality and cells partially settled to the bottom of the containers, unequivocal support for the size-dependent effect of turbulence on nutrient uptake will require further experiments and more sophisticated modelling. The mechanisms to connect an increased nutrient flux towards cells with population growth and whether this process is size dependent are important in parameterizing the effects of turbulence on marine plankton in coupled physical biological modelsThis work was supported by Spanish Projects TURFI (REN2002-01591/MAR) and VARITEC (CTM2004-04442-C02) and by European Union projects MEDEA (MAS3-CT95-0016) and NTAP (EVK3-CT-2000-00022). This is European Land Ocean Interaction Studies contribution 523/40Peer reviewe