Multipole Expansions of Aggregate Charge: How Far to Go?

Aggregates immersed in a plasma or radiative environment will have charge distributed over their extended surface. Previous studies have modeled the aggregate charge using the monopole and dipole terms of a multipole expansion, with results indicating that the dipole-dipole interactions play an important role in increasing the aggregation rate and altering the morphology of the resultant aggregates. This study examines the effect that including the quadrupole terms has on the dynamics of aggregates interacting with each other and the confining electric fields in laboratory experiments. Results are compared to modeling aggregates as a collection of point charges located at the center of each spherical monomer comprising the aggregate.Comment: 6 page

A Comparison of Perceptions of Parents by Students in Three Different Schools

There seems to be little doubt about the complexity of the parent-child relationship. Increasing research continues to emphasize the importance of this relation to the healthy personality and the self-concept of the youth. Gregory (1958) notes that there is considerable data showing that children who have lost parents due to separation or death have a much greater chance of manifesting antisocial, delinquent, or psychopathic disorders. There is a great deal of research pointing to the problems, reasons for the problems, and the results of the problems in parent-child relationships. Many studies indicate that it is important for a child to have a good self-concept. Rogers (1951) has supported this contention through his work. How a person feels about himself is a reaction to how he believes others see him. Symonds (1939) indicates that parental attitudes towards their children are a most important factor in the children\u27s self-concept. Parents seeking to develop a healthy, normal child need to help him to be accepting of himself. Medinnus (1965) states that in a study he found that those parents that are perceived to be loving have children with good self-concepts. In summary, it is important for the child to perceive his parents in a positive way. Those children reporting a good relationship with parents generally have healthier personalities. However, because of the many factors and the complexity of their interactions upon a child\u27s perception of his parent it becomes obvious that much research is needed in this area of inquiry. This study will consider some of the elements of the perceptions which the child has of his parents

Zombie Apocalypse: Using the Unreal as a Pedagogical Tool

The following paper opens with a first person account illustrating how “the Unreal” was used in a classroom setting as a class management tool by one of the authors. This method had the benefit of resetting a classroom environment that had become hostile by creating a fun atmosphere that encouraged lively debate. Next, a faux journal article is provided to the students as a way to introduce this method. Finally, sample discussion questions are provided for classroom debate followed by a conclusion

Bat Activity Patterns and Roost Selection in Managed Forests

The recent introduction and subsequent westward spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated hibernating bat populations in eastern North America and created an urgent need for scientists to understand basic information about bat ecology, especially during the winter season. White-nose syndrome has killed between 5 and 7 million bats and continues to spread westward from the eastern U.S. and southern Canada, primarily affecting bats during hibernation. Acoustic monitoring has been suggested as a potential surveillance tool for detecting WNS; however, baseline information must first be collected to test this technique.  Recent interests in habitat for resident bats has focused on managed forests, particularly in western Montana, where caves used as communal winter hibernacula are not abundant.  We initiated a pilot project in June 2014 deploying 2 remote acoustic monitoring stations on Plum Creek property in Flathead County and adding an additional 2 stations in forests owned by Stoltze Land and Lumber and Stimson Lumber Company in May 2015 to collect baseline acoustic information. We also conducted radio telemetry to determine characteristics of roosts used by bats during the fall season in 2014 and 2015. Thus far we have acoustically detected 11 of Montana’s 15 bat species, observed extremely high activity levels during the summer, and detected bat activity during every month of the year. We radio-tagged 14 bats of 4 different species; California myotis (Myotis californicus), Western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), Silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and tracked them in late October and early November. Identifying the characteristics of roost sites used during the pre-hibernation period, and the annual activity patterns determined from acoustic monitoring, begin to form the foundation for understanding basic aspects of bat ecology during the season when Montana bats will be most susceptible to WNS

Bat Activity Patterns and Roost Selection in Managed Forests

The recent introduction and subsequent westward spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated hibernating bat populations in eastern North America and created an urgent need for scientists to understand basic information about bat ecology, especially during the winter season. White-nose syndrome has killed between 5 and 7 million bats and continues to spread westward from the eastern U.S. and southern Canada, primarily affecting bats during hibernation. Acoustic monitoring has been suggested as a potential surveillance tool for detecting WNS; however, baseline information must first be collected to test this technique.  We initiated a pilot project in June 2014 by deploying 2 remote acoustic monitoring stations in western Montana’s managed forests collecting baseline acoustic information. We also conducted radio telemetry to determine characteristics of roosts used by bats during the fall season. Thus far we have recorded 11 of Montana’s 15 bat species, and observed extremely high activity levels during the summer. We radio-tagged 5 bats of 3 different species (California myotis, Western small-footed myotis, Silver-haired bat) and tracked them in late October and early November. Identifying the characteristics of roost sites used during the pre-hibernation period, and the annual activity patterns determined from acoustic monitoring, begin to form the foundation for understanding basic aspects of bat ecology during the season when Montana bats will be most susceptible to WNS

Determination of the levitation limits of dust particles within the sheath in complex plasma experiments

Experiments are performed in which dust particles are levitated at varying heights above the powered electrode in a RF plasma discharge by changing the discharge power. The trajectories of particles dropped from the top of the discharge chamber are used to reconstruct the vertical electric force acting on the particles. The resulting data, together with the results from a selfconsistent fluid model, are used to determine the lower levitation limit for dust particles in the discharge and the approximate height above the lower electrode where quasineutrality is attained, locating the sheath edge. These results are then compared with current sheath models. It is also shown that particles levitated within a few electron Debye lengths of the sheath edge are located outside the linearly increasing portion of the electric field