L’impact du contexte urbain et environnemental sur le rafraichissement de la température en ÉTÉ : cas du grand ensemble de Diar El Mahçoul à Alger

Dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale sur la perception des ambiances urbaines dans le quartier Diar El Mahçoul, conçu par Fernand Pouillon, nous avons relevé au cours de notre travail de terrain la satisfaction des habitants quand au confort d’été dans les espaces extérieurs. Les recherches sur les problématiques des ambiances ont démontré que dans les milieux urbains les ambiances microclimatiques sont modifiées par l’influence de plusieurs paramètres aussi bien naturels qu’urbains et architecturaux. Compte tenu de la situation géographique de ce quartier, sur les hauteurs d’Alger, à proximité de la mer méditerranée et des masses végétales ainsi de sa morphologie de type grand ensemble, nous avons supposé l’influence de ces paramètres sur la température d’été. Afin de valider notre hypothèse, nous avons effectué des mesures microclimatiques dans la « Cité Confort Normal ». Suite à cela, nous avons fait une comparaison des paramètres microclimatiques collectées avec celles enregistrées par la station météo d’Alger. Les résultats ont conclu à des modifications climatiques particulièrement liées aux contextes urbain et environnemental et ont confirmé que durant la saison d’été, les températures dans la cité sont effectivement plus basses.   Mots clES: Alger, grand ensemble, Diar El Mahçoul, Fernand Pouillon, ambiances urbaines, microclimat urbain.   ABSTRACT Diar El Mahçoul neighbourhood, designed by F. Pouillon in Algiers, was the subject of several written typomorphologique evoking the quality of its architecture. However, no study has approached this area because of its ambiantale dimension. This paper is a part of a doctoral research on the urban environments perception in this housing district where we identified an inhabitant's satisfaction about summer comfort in outdoor spaces during our fieldwork. We supposed that this district location on Algiers heights near the Mediterranean Sea and the large vegetation surfaces around influence summer temperature. In order to validate our assumption, we took microclimatic measures in "Cité Confort Normal" and we made a comparison measures recorded by Algiers weather station (ONM). Results concluded that climate changes related to urban and environmental contexts is confirmed; particularly during the summer, temperatures in the city are lower. Keywords: Algiers, large housing estates, Diar El Mahçoul, Fernand Pouillon, urban microclimate

Development of a Novel Artificial Urinary Sphincter: A Versatile Automated Device

International audienceManagement of male severe stress urinary incontinence is currently achieved by the treatment of choice: an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). This implantable system is designed to exert a constant circumferential force around the urethra. Although continence is totally or partially recovered in most of the patients, this method has some significant drawbacks. Besides the difficulty and discomfort of using the device, the revision rate caused by constant urethral compression, leading to urethral injuries, remains high. We present in this study a new AUS concept, with an ergonomic control, providing a lower exerted pressure on the urethral tissues and improving the continence efficiency. In fact, the implant includes a system which automatically detects circumstances involving high-intravesical pressure and adapts the occlusive pressure accordingly. The device was evaluated using isolated goat urethra, and then, in vivo. Recorded data of 16 human subjects performing different daily exercises were used to assess the detection algorithms. It is shown that occlusive pressure can be controlled by the implant with an accuracy of 1 cm H2O (98 Pa). Acceptable detection performance of seven of the eight targeted activities was observed

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Not AvailableThe present work describes a facile and convenient procedure for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles using luteolin isolated from Eclipta alba plant (L-ZnONPs) at room temperature. The formation of as-grown L ZnONPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The Wurtzite structure of ZnO was observed by its hexagonal phases in diffraction patterns. The SEM images revealed the different sizes and morphologies of L-ZnONPs, with diameters between 12 and 25 nm. The HR-TEM result showed that the inter-planar distance between two lattice fringes was 0.262 nm, which coincides with the d-spacing of (002) and (101) lattice planes of the as obtained material. The anticancer activity of L-ZnONPs against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was greater as compared to that of luteolin or ZnO alone. The mechanistic evaluation of such an activity carried out using in silico methods suggested that the anti-breast cancer activity of L-ZnONPs was mediated by polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) proteins.Not Availabl

Estimating the Rotational Synchronous Component from Instantaneous Angular Speed Signals in Variable Speed Conditions

International audienceCondition monitoring performed directly from the estimated instantaneous angular speed has found some interesting applications in industrial environments, going from bearing monitoring to gear failure detection. One common way to estimate the angular speed makes use of angular encoders linked to a rotating shaft. At the opposite of traditional time-sampled signals, encoders describe purely angular phenomena often encountered in rotating machines. However, rotating encoders suffer from various geometric defects, corrupting the measurement with an angular periodic signature. The angular synchronous average is a very popular tool to estimate this systematic error, but is only adapted to constant speed conditions, which is rarely the case in real applications. We propose here two different estimators to compute a robust estimation of the synchronous component in variable speed conditions. The former, as a data-driven approach, is based on a local weighted least squares method, while the latter is a model-based approach. We study the behaviour of our estimators with both simulations and experimental signals, and show the relevance of the proposed method in an industrial context